Appraisal of Lead and Cadmium in the Caprines of Goats (<i>Capra aeggarus hircus</i>) Slaughtered in Ibadan, Nigeria

Emmanuel Tyokumbur; Joyce Iornumbe

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajbls.20170501.11

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Appraisal of Lead and Cadmium in the Caprines of Goats (Capra aeggarus hircus) Slaughtered in Ibadan, Nigeria

Emmanuel Tyokumbur, Joyce Iornumbe

Published in American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences (Volume 5, Issue 1)

Received: 5 January 2017 Accepted: 12 January 2017 Published: 4 February 2017

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Abstract

A study was carried out on the appraisal of lead and cadmium in the caprines of goats in Ibadan, Nigeria between June and September 2016. Caprines from six goats were collected from Bodija market in Ibadan. A total of 36 samples (Liver, lungs, oesophagus, intestines, heart and muscle) were used in the study. The samples were ashed in a furnace at a temperature of 400°C for two hours for each batch and stored in sample bottles prior to acid digestion. The heavy metals lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) were then analyzed using Buck Scientific Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Each analysis was done in triplicates while standard and blank samples were analyzed for all the 36 samples. The results showed that the highest Cd concentration was found in the liver (0.06ppm) in sample 5 and in the heart of sample 6 (0.06ppm) which exceeded the WHO guideline limit of 0.05ppm. The highest concentration of Pb was found in the heart of sample 1 (0.63ppm), the liver of sample 2 (0.42ppm), the lungs of sample 3 (0.83ppm) and the liver of sample 4 (0.33ppm) all of which exceeded the WHO set limit of 0.01ppm. The study showed that the consumption of caprines and meat (muscle) from goats slaughtered in in Ibadan is relatively safe. It is therefore recommended that there should be regular biomonitoring of heavy metals in the caprines and meat from livestock slaughtered in Ibadan, Nigeria for public health safety.

Published in	American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences (Volume 5, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajbls.20170501.11
Page(s)	1-5
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Lead, Cadmium, Caprines, Goats, Ibadan

References

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[2]	El-Salam, N. M. A., S. Ahmad, A. Basir, A. K. Rais, A. Bibi, R. Ullah and Hussain, I.(2013). Distribution of heavy metals in the liver, kidney, heart, pancrease and meat of cow, buffalo, goat, sheep and chicken from Kohat market Pakistan. Life Science Journal. 10 (7s).
[3]	Smirjakova, S., Ondrasovicova, O., Kaskova, A. and Latktikova, K. (2005). The effects of cadmium and lead pollution on human and animal health. Supplementum, S31-S32. 2005.
[4]	Strmiskova, G. (1992). Lead in the Enviroment and Food (Slovak). Nutrition and Health, 37, 19-20.
[5]	Zelenik J.(1994). Occurrence of heavy metals in smoked meat products (Slovak), Attestation Thesis, Institute for Education of Veterinary Surgeons Kosice, 46pp.
[6]	Babalola, O. O., Ojo L. O., and Aderemi, M. O., (2005). Lead levels in some biological samples of automechanics in Abeoukuta, Nigeria. Indian J. Biochem. Biophys. (42): 401-403.
[7]	Akan, J. C., Abdulrahman, F. L., Sodipo, A. L., and Chirom Y. A. (2010). Distribution of heavy metals in the liver, kidney and meat of beef, mutton, caprine and chicken from Kasuwan Shanu Market in Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State Nigeria. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology. 2 (8): 743-748.
[8]	Dekofehiniti, O. O., Omotoyi, I. O., Oloremu, A. G., and Abayomi, T. G., (2012). Heavy metal distribution and lipid profile in the stomach of cows grazed in Akungba- Akoko, Ondo State Nigeria. African Journal of Biochemistry Research. (6): 146-149.
[9]	Okoye, C. O. B. and Ibeto C. N. (2008). Book of proceeding of the 31st Annual International Conference of the Chemical Society of Nigeria, Chemical Society of Nigeria: Warri; 2008, pp 767-771.
[10]	Bennet, F. G. (1984). Modelling exposure roots of trace elements from sources to animal health. Springer Verlag Berlin. 345-356.
[11]	Hassan, A. R., Saleh, M., Sobih, M., Wilson, S., and Reddy, P. (1998). Effects of some heavy metal pollutants on the performance and immune system of chicks. Poultry Science (77): 24-30.
[12]	John, H. H. and Jeanne, I. R., (2004). Food additives, contaminaants and natural toxins. In: Maurice E. S., A., James, O., Moshe, S. L., and Febiger, (Eds). Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 8th Edn., Part ii, pp: 1597- 1598.
[13]	WHO (2004). Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. World Health Organization, Geneva.

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APA Style

Emmanuel Tyokumbur, Joyce Iornumbe. (2017). Appraisal of Lead and Cadmium in the Caprines of Goats (Capra aeggarus hircus) Slaughtered in Ibadan, Nigeria. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 5(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20170501.11

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ACS Style

Emmanuel Tyokumbur; Joyce Iornumbe. Appraisal of Lead and Cadmium in the Caprines of Goats (Capra aeggarus hircus) Slaughtered in Ibadan, Nigeria. Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci. 2017, 5(1), 1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20170501.11

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AMA Style

Emmanuel Tyokumbur, Joyce Iornumbe. Appraisal of Lead and Cadmium in the Caprines of Goats (Capra aeggarus hircus) Slaughtered in Ibadan, Nigeria. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2017;5(1):1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20170501.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbls.20170501.11,
  author = {Emmanuel Tyokumbur and Joyce Iornumbe},
  title = {Appraisal of Lead and Cadmium in the Caprines of Goats (Capra aeggarus hircus) Slaughtered in Ibadan, Nigeria},
  journal = {American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-5},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbls.20170501.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20170501.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbls.20170501.11},
  abstract = {A study was carried out on the appraisal of lead and cadmium in the caprines of goats in Ibadan, Nigeria between June and September 2016. Caprines from six goats were collected from Bodija market in Ibadan. A total of 36 samples (Liver, lungs, oesophagus, intestines, heart and muscle) were used in the study. The samples were ashed in a furnace at a temperature of 400°C for two hours for each batch and stored in sample bottles prior to acid digestion. The heavy metals lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) were then analyzed using Buck Scientific Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Each analysis was done in triplicates while standard and blank samples were analyzed for all the 36 samples. The results showed that the highest Cd concentration was found in the liver (0.06ppm) in sample 5 and in the heart of sample 6 (0.06ppm) which exceeded the WHO guideline limit of 0.05ppm. The highest concentration of Pb was found in the heart of sample 1 (0.63ppm), the liver of sample 2 (0.42ppm), the lungs of sample 3 (0.83ppm) and the liver of sample 4 (0.33ppm) all of which exceeded the WHO set limit of 0.01ppm. The study showed that the consumption of caprines and meat (muscle) from goats slaughtered in in Ibadan is relatively safe. It is therefore recommended that there should be regular biomonitoring of heavy metals in the caprines and meat from livestock slaughtered in Ibadan, Nigeria for public health safety.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Appraisal of Lead and Cadmium in the Caprines of Goats (Capra aeggarus hircus) Slaughtered in Ibadan, Nigeria
AU  - Emmanuel Tyokumbur
AU  - Joyce Iornumbe
Y1  - 2017/02/04
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20170501.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbls.20170501.11
T2  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JF  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JO  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-880X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20170501.11
AB  - A study was carried out on the appraisal of lead and cadmium in the caprines of goats in Ibadan, Nigeria between June and September 2016. Caprines from six goats were collected from Bodija market in Ibadan. A total of 36 samples (Liver, lungs, oesophagus, intestines, heart and muscle) were used in the study. The samples were ashed in a furnace at a temperature of 400°C for two hours for each batch and stored in sample bottles prior to acid digestion. The heavy metals lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) were then analyzed using Buck Scientific Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Each analysis was done in triplicates while standard and blank samples were analyzed for all the 36 samples. The results showed that the highest Cd concentration was found in the liver (0.06ppm) in sample 5 and in the heart of sample 6 (0.06ppm) which exceeded the WHO guideline limit of 0.05ppm. The highest concentration of Pb was found in the heart of sample 1 (0.63ppm), the liver of sample 2 (0.42ppm), the lungs of sample 3 (0.83ppm) and the liver of sample 4 (0.33ppm) all of which exceeded the WHO set limit of 0.01ppm. The study showed that the consumption of caprines and meat (muscle) from goats slaughtered in in Ibadan is relatively safe. It is therefore recommended that there should be regular biomonitoring of heavy metals in the caprines and meat from livestock slaughtered in Ibadan, Nigeria for public health safety.
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Emmanuel Tyokumbur

Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Joyce Iornumbe

Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

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APA Style

Emmanuel Tyokumbur, Joyce Iornumbe. (2017). Appraisal of Lead and Cadmium in the Caprines of Goats (Capra aeggarus hircus) Slaughtered in Ibadan, Nigeria. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 5(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20170501.11

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ACS Style

Emmanuel Tyokumbur; Joyce Iornumbe. Appraisal of Lead and Cadmium in the Caprines of Goats (Capra aeggarus hircus) Slaughtered in Ibadan, Nigeria. Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci. 2017, 5(1), 1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20170501.11

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AMA Style

Emmanuel Tyokumbur, Joyce Iornumbe. Appraisal of Lead and Cadmium in the Caprines of Goats (Capra aeggarus hircus) Slaughtered in Ibadan, Nigeria. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2017;5(1):1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20170501.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbls.20170501.11,
  author = {Emmanuel Tyokumbur and Joyce Iornumbe},
  title = {Appraisal of Lead and Cadmium in the Caprines of Goats (Capra aeggarus hircus) Slaughtered in Ibadan, Nigeria},
  journal = {American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-5},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbls.20170501.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20170501.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbls.20170501.11},
  abstract = {A study was carried out on the appraisal of lead and cadmium in the caprines of goats in Ibadan, Nigeria between June and September 2016. Caprines from six goats were collected from Bodija market in Ibadan. A total of 36 samples (Liver, lungs, oesophagus, intestines, heart and muscle) were used in the study. The samples were ashed in a furnace at a temperature of 400°C for two hours for each batch and stored in sample bottles prior to acid digestion. The heavy metals lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) were then analyzed using Buck Scientific Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Each analysis was done in triplicates while standard and blank samples were analyzed for all the 36 samples. The results showed that the highest Cd concentration was found in the liver (0.06ppm) in sample 5 and in the heart of sample 6 (0.06ppm) which exceeded the WHO guideline limit of 0.05ppm. The highest concentration of Pb was found in the heart of sample 1 (0.63ppm), the liver of sample 2 (0.42ppm), the lungs of sample 3 (0.83ppm) and the liver of sample 4 (0.33ppm) all of which exceeded the WHO set limit of 0.01ppm. The study showed that the consumption of caprines and meat (muscle) from goats slaughtered in in Ibadan is relatively safe. It is therefore recommended that there should be regular biomonitoring of heavy metals in the caprines and meat from livestock slaughtered in Ibadan, Nigeria for public health safety.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Appraisal of Lead and Cadmium in the Caprines of Goats (Capra aeggarus hircus) Slaughtered in Ibadan, Nigeria
AU  - Emmanuel Tyokumbur
AU  - Joyce Iornumbe
Y1  - 2017/02/04
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20170501.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbls.20170501.11
T2  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JF  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JO  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-880X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20170501.11
AB  - A study was carried out on the appraisal of lead and cadmium in the caprines of goats in Ibadan, Nigeria between June and September 2016. Caprines from six goats were collected from Bodija market in Ibadan. A total of 36 samples (Liver, lungs, oesophagus, intestines, heart and muscle) were used in the study. The samples were ashed in a furnace at a temperature of 400°C for two hours for each batch and stored in sample bottles prior to acid digestion. The heavy metals lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) were then analyzed using Buck Scientific Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Each analysis was done in triplicates while standard and blank samples were analyzed for all the 36 samples. The results showed that the highest Cd concentration was found in the liver (0.06ppm) in sample 5 and in the heart of sample 6 (0.06ppm) which exceeded the WHO guideline limit of 0.05ppm. The highest concentration of Pb was found in the heart of sample 1 (0.63ppm), the liver of sample 2 (0.42ppm), the lungs of sample 3 (0.83ppm) and the liver of sample 4 (0.33ppm) all of which exceeded the WHO set limit of 0.01ppm. The study showed that the consumption of caprines and meat (muscle) from goats slaughtered in in Ibadan is relatively safe. It is therefore recommended that there should be regular biomonitoring of heavy metals in the caprines and meat from livestock slaughtered in Ibadan, Nigeria for public health safety.
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
ER  -

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