Reaction of Men to Breast-Implants of Women

Katharina Grundmann; Klaus Hoffmann; Erich Kasten

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajhr.20160406.14

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Reaction of Men to Breast-Implants of Women

Katharina Grundmann, Klaus Hoffmann, Erich Kasten

Published in American Journal of Health Research (Volume 4, Issue 6)

Received: 2 October 2016 Accepted: 19 October 2016 Published: 9 November 2016

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Abstract

Goal of this study was the investigation of men’s attitudes toward breast-implants of women. It was examined which opinion men have in regard to artificial filled breasts and whether a preference for big breasts exists, even if the breasts are filled with an implant. A questionnaire was developed, which registered men’s opinions concerning breast-implants; it included 12 items on a Likert Scale; mostly the items were bi- or unipolar, others were asked as open text. The inner consistency of the items was Cronbach's Alpha = 0.741. For the investigation of personality factors the Freiburger Personality Inventory (FPI-R) was used. These questionnaires were published via SosciSurvey, and spread through distribution in social networks. The original sample of n=109 included exclusively male persons between 18-54 years. After use of exclusion criteria, ultimately 81 sets of data were evaluable. Results showed that most men have a preference for big breasts (p<0.01); but this was not valid for artificial enlarged breasts - here many participants had a neutral attitude and the difference between the number of supporters and opponents was not significant (p-values between 0.11 and 0.92). The status of the relationship and the duration of being a single had no relation to the attitudes toward female breast-implants. The hypothesis that men without a partner are more willing to accept breast-implants than men in a relationship rendered only p-values between 0.56 and 0.96 (n.s.). Even the hypothesis "The longer the duration of being single, the higher the acceptance of breast-implants" showed only non-significant p-values between 0.28 and 0.84. Moreover, the classification of the own attractiveness (p=0.297, n.s.) as well as the score on the extraversion-introversion scale did not affect the attitude toward breast-implants (p=0.346, n.s.). The here presented data show that about half of men nowadays accept artificial enlarged breasts in women. Most distributions had multiple summits, i.e. the participants could be divided in (a) supporters, (b) opponents and (c) a neither/nor group to whom the girl behind the breast is more important. Whether a man is able to accept breast-implants in his girl-friend seems to be a very stable attitude, which is hardly influenced by personality dimensions. Even the duration of a life without a female partner has no significant impact on this attitude.

Published in	American Journal of Health Research (Volume 4, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajhr.20160406.14
Page(s)	172-178
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Mamma Augmentation, Breast Enlargement, Breast Implants

References

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APA Style

Katharina Grundmann, Klaus Hoffmann, Erich Kasten. (2016). Reaction of Men to Breast-Implants of Women. American Journal of Health Research, 4(6), 172-178. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20160406.14

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Katharina Grundmann; Klaus Hoffmann; Erich Kasten. Reaction of Men to Breast-Implants of Women. Am. J. Health Res. 2016, 4(6), 172-178. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20160406.14

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AMA Style

Katharina Grundmann, Klaus Hoffmann, Erich Kasten. Reaction of Men to Breast-Implants of Women. Am J Health Res. 2016;4(6):172-178. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20160406.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ajhr.20160406.14,
  author = {Katharina Grundmann and Klaus Hoffmann and Erich Kasten},
  title = {Reaction of Men to Breast-Implants of Women},
  journal = {American Journal of Health Research},
  volume = {4},
  number = {6},
  pages = {172-178},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajhr.20160406.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20160406.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajhr.20160406.14},
  abstract = {Goal of this study was the investigation of men’s attitudes toward breast-implants of women. It was examined which opinion men have in regard to artificial filled breasts and whether a preference for big breasts exists, even if the breasts are filled with an implant. A questionnaire was developed, which registered men’s opinions concerning breast-implants; it included 12 items on a Likert Scale; mostly the items were bi- or unipolar, others were asked as open text. The inner consistency of the items was Cronbach's Alpha = 0.741. For the investigation of personality factors the Freiburger Personality Inventory (FPI-R) was used. These questionnaires were published via SosciSurvey, and spread through distribution in social networks. The original sample of n=109 included exclusively male persons between 18-54 years. After use of exclusion criteria, ultimately 81 sets of data were evaluable. Results showed that most men have a preference for big breasts (p<0.01); but this was not valid for artificial enlarged breasts - here many participants had a neutral attitude and the difference between the number of supporters and opponents was not significant (p-values between 0.11 and 0.92). The status of the relationship and the duration of being a single had no relation to the attitudes toward female breast-implants. The hypothesis that men without a partner are more willing to accept breast-implants than men in a relationship rendered only p-values between 0.56 and 0.96 (n.s.). Even the hypothesis "The longer the duration of being single, the higher the acceptance of breast-implants" showed only non-significant p-values between 0.28 and 0.84. Moreover, the classification of the own attractiveness (p=0.297, n.s.) as well as the score on the extraversion-introversion scale did not affect the attitude toward breast-implants (p=0.346, n.s.). The here presented data show that about half of men nowadays accept artificial enlarged breasts in women. Most distributions had multiple summits, i.e. the participants could be divided in (a) supporters, (b) opponents and (c) a neither/nor group to whom the girl behind the breast is more important. Whether a man is able to accept breast-implants in his girl-friend seems to be a very stable attitude, which is hardly influenced by personality dimensions. Even the duration of a life without a female partner has no significant impact on this attitude.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Reaction of Men to Breast-Implants of Women
AU - Katharina Grundmann
AU - Klaus Hoffmann
AU - Erich Kasten
Y1 - 2016/11/09
PY - 2016
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20160406.14
DO - 10.11648/j.ajhr.20160406.14
T2 - American Journal of Health Research
JF - American Journal of Health Research
JO - American Journal of Health Research
SP - 172
EP - 178
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2330-8796
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20160406.14
AB - Goal of this study was the investigation of men’s attitudes toward breast-implants of women. It was examined which opinion men have in regard to artificial filled breasts and whether a preference for big breasts exists, even if the breasts are filled with an implant. A questionnaire was developed, which registered men’s opinions concerning breast-implants; it included 12 items on a Likert Scale; mostly the items were bi- or unipolar, others were asked as open text. The inner consistency of the items was Cronbach's Alpha = 0.741. For the investigation of personality factors the Freiburger Personality Inventory (FPI-R) was used. These questionnaires were published via SosciSurvey, and spread through distribution in social networks. The original sample of n=109 included exclusively male persons between 18-54 years. After use of exclusion criteria, ultimately 81 sets of data were evaluable. Results showed that most men have a preference for big breasts (p<0.01); but this was not valid for artificial enlarged breasts - here many participants had a neutral attitude and the difference between the number of supporters and opponents was not significant (p-values between 0.11 and 0.92). The status of the relationship and the duration of being a single had no relation to the attitudes toward female breast-implants. The hypothesis that men without a partner are more willing to accept breast-implants than men in a relationship rendered only p-values between 0.56 and 0.96 (n.s.). Even the hypothesis "The longer the duration of being single, the higher the acceptance of breast-implants" showed only non-significant p-values between 0.28 and 0.84. Moreover, the classification of the own attractiveness (p=0.297, n.s.) as well as the score on the extraversion-introversion scale did not affect the attitude toward breast-implants (p=0.346, n.s.). The here presented data show that about half of men nowadays accept artificial enlarged breasts in women. Most distributions had multiple summits, i.e. the participants could be divided in (a) supporters, (b) opponents and (c) a neither/nor group to whom the girl behind the breast is more important. Whether a man is able to accept breast-implants in his girl-friend seems to be a very stable attitude, which is hardly influenced by personality dimensions. Even the duration of a life without a female partner has no significant impact on this attitude.
VL - 4
IS - 6
ER -

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Author Information

Katharina Grundmann

Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Science & Medical University, Hamburg, Germany
Klaus Hoffmann

Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie der Ruhr Universit?t, St.-Josef-Hospital, Bochum, Germany
Erich Kasten

Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Science & Medical University, Hamburg, Germany

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APA Style

Katharina Grundmann, Klaus Hoffmann, Erich Kasten. (2016). Reaction of Men to Breast-Implants of Women. American Journal of Health Research, 4(6), 172-178. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20160406.14

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ACS Style

Katharina Grundmann; Klaus Hoffmann; Erich Kasten. Reaction of Men to Breast-Implants of Women. Am. J. Health Res. 2016, 4(6), 172-178. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20160406.14

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AMA Style

Katharina Grundmann, Klaus Hoffmann, Erich Kasten. Reaction of Men to Breast-Implants of Women. Am J Health Res. 2016;4(6):172-178. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20160406.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ajhr.20160406.14,
  author = {Katharina Grundmann and Klaus Hoffmann and Erich Kasten},
  title = {Reaction of Men to Breast-Implants of Women},
  journal = {American Journal of Health Research},
  volume = {4},
  number = {6},
  pages = {172-178},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajhr.20160406.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20160406.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajhr.20160406.14},
  abstract = {Goal of this study was the investigation of men’s attitudes toward breast-implants of women. It was examined which opinion men have in regard to artificial filled breasts and whether a preference for big breasts exists, even if the breasts are filled with an implant. A questionnaire was developed, which registered men’s opinions concerning breast-implants; it included 12 items on a Likert Scale; mostly the items were bi- or unipolar, others were asked as open text. The inner consistency of the items was Cronbach's Alpha = 0.741. For the investigation of personality factors the Freiburger Personality Inventory (FPI-R) was used. These questionnaires were published via SosciSurvey, and spread through distribution in social networks. The original sample of n=109 included exclusively male persons between 18-54 years. After use of exclusion criteria, ultimately 81 sets of data were evaluable. Results showed that most men have a preference for big breasts (p<0.01); but this was not valid for artificial enlarged breasts - here many participants had a neutral attitude and the difference between the number of supporters and opponents was not significant (p-values between 0.11 and 0.92). The status of the relationship and the duration of being a single had no relation to the attitudes toward female breast-implants. The hypothesis that men without a partner are more willing to accept breast-implants than men in a relationship rendered only p-values between 0.56 and 0.96 (n.s.). Even the hypothesis "The longer the duration of being single, the higher the acceptance of breast-implants" showed only non-significant p-values between 0.28 and 0.84. Moreover, the classification of the own attractiveness (p=0.297, n.s.) as well as the score on the extraversion-introversion scale did not affect the attitude toward breast-implants (p=0.346, n.s.). The here presented data show that about half of men nowadays accept artificial enlarged breasts in women. Most distributions had multiple summits, i.e. the participants could be divided in (a) supporters, (b) opponents and (c) a neither/nor group to whom the girl behind the breast is more important. Whether a man is able to accept breast-implants in his girl-friend seems to be a very stable attitude, which is hardly influenced by personality dimensions. Even the duration of a life without a female partner has no significant impact on this attitude.},
 year = {2016}
}

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