A Statistical Physics Analysis of Expenditure in the UK

Elvis Oltean; Fedor V. Kusmartsev

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajmp.20140303.13

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A Statistical Physics Analysis of Expenditure in the UK

Elvis Oltean, Fedor V. Kusmartsev

Published in American Journal of Modern Physics (Volume 3, Issue 3)

Received: 17 April 2014 Accepted: 8 May 2014 Published: 20 May 2014

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Abstract

Most papers which explored so far macroeconomic variables took into account income and wealth. Equally important as the previous macroeconomic variables is the expenditure or consumption, which shows the amount of goods and services that a person or a household purchased. Using statistical distributions from Physics, such as Fermi-Dirac and polynomial distributions, we try to fit the data regarding the expenditure distribution divided in deciles of population according to their income (gross and disposable expenditure are taken into account). Using coefficient of determination as theoretical tool in order to assess the degree of success for these distributions, we find that both distributions are really robust in describing the expenditure distribution, regardless the data set or the methodology used to calculate the expenditure values for the deciles of income. This is the first paper to our knowledge which tackles expenditure, especially using a method to describe expenditure such as lower limit on expenditure. This is also relevant since it allows the approach of macroeconomic systems using more variables characterizing their activity, can help in the investigation of living standards and inequality, and points to more theoretical explorations which can be very useful for the Economics and business practice.

Published in	American Journal of Modern Physics (Volume 3, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajmp.20140303.13
Page(s)	133-137
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Gross Expenditure, Disposable Expenditure, Lower Limit on Expenditure, Mean Expenditure, Fermi-Dirac Distribution, Polynomial Distribution

References

[1]	A. Dragulescu, V. M. Yakovenko, “Statistical Mechanics of Money, Income, and Wealth: A Short Survey”, http://www2.physics.umd.edu/~yakovenk/econophysics.html
[2]	A. Dragulescu, V.M. Yakovenko, “Statistical mechanics of money”, Eur. Phys. J. B 17, 723-729 (2000).
[3]	A.Dragulescu, V.M. Yakovenko, “Evidence for the exponential distribution of in-come in the USA”, Eur. Phys. J. B 20, 585-589 (2001)
[4]	A. C. Silva, V. M. Yakovenko, “Tem-poral evolution of the “thermal” and “superthermal” income classes in the USA during 1983–2001”, Europhys. Lett., 69 (2), pp. 304–310 (2005)
[5]	K. E. Kurten and F. V. Kusmart-sev,“Bose-Einstein distribution of money in a free-market economy”. Physics Letter A Journal, EPL, 93 (2011) 28003
[6]	F. V. Kusmartsev,“Statistical mechanics of economics”, Physics Letters A 375 (2011) 966–973
[7]	E. Oltean, F.V. Kusmartsev,“A study of methods from statistical me-chanics applied to income distribution”, ENEC, 2012, Bucharest, Romania
[8]	E. Oltean,F.V. Kusmartsev,“A polynomial distribution applied to income and wealth distribution”, Journal of Knowledge Management, Economics, and Information Technology, 2013, Bucharest, Roma-nia
[9]	Upper limit on income by decile group in 1987–2009 in Finland, URL: http://www.stat.fi/til/tjt/2009/tjt_2009_2011-0520_tau_005_en.html
[10]	Elvis Oltean, “An Econophysical Approach of Polynomial Distribution Applied to Income and Expenditure”, American Journal of Modern Physics. Vol. 3, No. 2, 2014, pp. 88-92. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20140302.18
[11]	URL:http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/search/index.html?newquery=household+income+by+decile&newoffset=0&pageSize=50&sortBy=&applyFilters=true
[12]	URL:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi%E2%80%93Dirac_statistics#Distribution_of_particles_over_energy.

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Elvis Oltean, Fedor V. Kusmartsev. (2014). A Statistical Physics Analysis of Expenditure in the UK. American Journal of Modern Physics, 3(3), 133-137. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20140303.13

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ACS Style

Elvis Oltean; Fedor V. Kusmartsev. A Statistical Physics Analysis of Expenditure in the UK. Am. J. Mod. Phys. 2014, 3(3), 133-137. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20140303.13

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AMA Style

Elvis Oltean, Fedor V. Kusmartsev. A Statistical Physics Analysis of Expenditure in the UK. Am J Mod Phys. 2014;3(3):133-137. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20140303.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajmp.20140303.13,
  author = {Elvis Oltean and Fedor V. Kusmartsev},
  title = {A Statistical Physics Analysis of Expenditure in the UK},
  journal = {American Journal of Modern Physics},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {133-137},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajmp.20140303.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20140303.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmp.20140303.13},
  abstract = {Most papers which explored so far macroeconomic variables took into account income and wealth. Equally important as the previous macroeconomic variables is the expenditure or consumption, which shows the amount of goods and services that a person or a household purchased. Using statistical distributions from Physics, such as Fermi-Dirac and polynomial distributions, we try to fit the data regarding the expenditure distribution divided in deciles of population according to their income (gross and disposable expenditure are taken into account). Using coefficient of determination as theoretical tool in order to assess the degree of success for these distributions, we find that both distributions are really robust in describing the expenditure distribution, regardless the data set or the methodology used to calculate the expenditure values for the deciles of income. This is the first paper to our knowledge which tackles expenditure, especially using a method to describe expenditure such as lower limit on expenditure. This is also relevant since it allows the approach of macroeconomic systems using more variables characterizing their activity, can help in the investigation of living standards and inequality, and points to more theoretical explorations which can be very useful for the Economics and business practice.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - A Statistical Physics Analysis of Expenditure in the UK
AU  - Elvis Oltean
AU  - Fedor V. Kusmartsev
Y1  - 2014/05/20
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20140303.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajmp.20140303.13
T2  - American Journal of Modern Physics
JF  - American Journal of Modern Physics
JO  - American Journal of Modern Physics
SP  - 133
EP  - 137
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-8891
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20140303.13
AB  - Most papers which explored so far macroeconomic variables took into account income and wealth. Equally important as the previous macroeconomic variables is the expenditure or consumption, which shows the amount of goods and services that a person or a household purchased. Using statistical distributions from Physics, such as Fermi-Dirac and polynomial distributions, we try to fit the data regarding the expenditure distribution divided in deciles of population according to their income (gross and disposable expenditure are taken into account). Using coefficient of determination as theoretical tool in order to assess the degree of success for these distributions, we find that both distributions are really robust in describing the expenditure distribution, regardless the data set or the methodology used to calculate the expenditure values for the deciles of income. This is the first paper to our knowledge which tackles expenditure, especially using a method to describe expenditure such as lower limit on expenditure. This is also relevant since it allows the approach of macroeconomic systems using more variables characterizing their activity, can help in the investigation of living standards and inequality, and points to more theoretical explorations which can be very useful for the Economics and business practice.
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Elvis Oltean

Department of Physics, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
Fedor V. Kusmartsev

Department of Physics, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK

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APA Style

Elvis Oltean, Fedor V. Kusmartsev. (2014). A Statistical Physics Analysis of Expenditure in the UK. American Journal of Modern Physics, 3(3), 133-137. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20140303.13

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ACS Style

Elvis Oltean; Fedor V. Kusmartsev. A Statistical Physics Analysis of Expenditure in the UK. Am. J. Mod. Phys. 2014, 3(3), 133-137. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20140303.13

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AMA Style

Elvis Oltean, Fedor V. Kusmartsev. A Statistical Physics Analysis of Expenditure in the UK. Am J Mod Phys. 2014;3(3):133-137. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20140303.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajmp.20140303.13,
  author = {Elvis Oltean and Fedor V. Kusmartsev},
  title = {A Statistical Physics Analysis of Expenditure in the UK},
  journal = {American Journal of Modern Physics},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {133-137},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajmp.20140303.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20140303.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmp.20140303.13},
  abstract = {Most papers which explored so far macroeconomic variables took into account income and wealth. Equally important as the previous macroeconomic variables is the expenditure or consumption, which shows the amount of goods and services that a person or a household purchased. Using statistical distributions from Physics, such as Fermi-Dirac and polynomial distributions, we try to fit the data regarding the expenditure distribution divided in deciles of population according to their income (gross and disposable expenditure are taken into account). Using coefficient of determination as theoretical tool in order to assess the degree of success for these distributions, we find that both distributions are really robust in describing the expenditure distribution, regardless the data set or the methodology used to calculate the expenditure values for the deciles of income. This is the first paper to our knowledge which tackles expenditure, especially using a method to describe expenditure such as lower limit on expenditure. This is also relevant since it allows the approach of macroeconomic systems using more variables characterizing their activity, can help in the investigation of living standards and inequality, and points to more theoretical explorations which can be very useful for the Economics and business practice.},
 year = {2014}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - A Statistical Physics Analysis of Expenditure in the UK
AU  - Elvis Oltean
AU  - Fedor V. Kusmartsev
Y1  - 2014/05/20
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20140303.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajmp.20140303.13
T2  - American Journal of Modern Physics
JF  - American Journal of Modern Physics
JO  - American Journal of Modern Physics
SP  - 133
EP  - 137
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-8891
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20140303.13
AB  - Most papers which explored so far macroeconomic variables took into account income and wealth. Equally important as the previous macroeconomic variables is the expenditure or consumption, which shows the amount of goods and services that a person or a household purchased. Using statistical distributions from Physics, such as Fermi-Dirac and polynomial distributions, we try to fit the data regarding the expenditure distribution divided in deciles of population according to their income (gross and disposable expenditure are taken into account). Using coefficient of determination as theoretical tool in order to assess the degree of success for these distributions, we find that both distributions are really robust in describing the expenditure distribution, regardless the data set or the methodology used to calculate the expenditure values for the deciles of income. This is the first paper to our knowledge which tackles expenditure, especially using a method to describe expenditure such as lower limit on expenditure. This is also relevant since it allows the approach of macroeconomic systems using more variables characterizing their activity, can help in the investigation of living standards and inequality, and points to more theoretical explorations which can be very useful for the Economics and business practice.
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download