Air Quality in Relation to Vehicular Traffic-Related Gaseous Emissions in two Selected Local Government Areas in South-Western Nigeria

John O. Olamijulo; Godson R. E. E Ana

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijema.20130104.12

| Peer-Reviewed

Air Quality in Relation to Vehicular Traffic-Related Gaseous Emissions in two Selected Local Government Areas in South-Western Nigeria

John O. Olamijulo, Godson R. E. E Ana

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 1, Issue 4)

Received: 5 July 2013 Published: 20 August 2013

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

The aim of this study is to determine the concentration of traffic related air pollutants at major and busy road intersections in two Local Government Areas of Ibadan, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed for the study. Ibadan North and North East Local Government Areas (LGAs) were purposely selected based on their high traffic density. Thirteen sampling points were randomly selected from the 18 major road intersections within the two LGAs. Levels of sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions in (ppm) were measured using calibrated SO2 NO2 and COmonitor. Traffic density was estimated via manual counting using tally system. Measurements were carried out in the morning (6am-8am), afternoon (12pm-2pm) and evening (4pm-6pm) for 12 weeks and results obtained were compared with WHO guideline limit. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA and Pearson correlation test at 5% level of significance. The mean gaseous emissions level were CO (38.6 ± 22.2ppm), SO2 (1.0 ± 0.7ppm), NO2 (0.2 ± 0.1ppm. These values exceeded the WHO guideline limit for CO (10ppm), SO2 (0.17ppm), NO2 (0.17ppm). There was a significant difference in the mean gaseous emissions level across measurement periods of the day (8am-10am, 12pm-2pm and 4pm- 6pm) (p <0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between SO2 and traffic density (r= 0.73).Gaseous emissions exceeded the WHO guideline limit for ambient conditions at the study locations. There is need for government to institute and enforce traffic emission control and air quality management programmes in Nigeria.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 1, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijema.20130104.12
Page(s)	121-127
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2013. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Gaseous Emissions, Vehicular Traffic, Urban Communities, Ibadan

References

[1]	Moen, E., 2008. Vehicle Emissions and Health Impacts in Abuja, Nigeria.http://www.who.int/entity/quantifying_ehimpacts/countryprofilesebd.xls. Retrieved 2010-08-29
[2]	Schwela, D., Olivier, Z., Schwela, P., 1997. Motor vehicle air pollution public health impact and control measures. World Health Organization. Division of Operational support in environmental health, Geneva, Switzerland.
[3]	Ingle, S.T., Bhushan, G., Pachpande, Nilesh D. Wagh, Vijaybhai S. Patel and Sanjay B. Attarde, 2005. Exposure to vehicular pollution and respiratory impairment of Traffic policemen in Jalgon city, India. Journal of Industrial Health; 43: 656-662.
[4]	Boudaghpour,S., Alireza, J., 2009. Investigation of the effect of outlet pollutants of cement production industries around Tehran and approaches to control and eliminate pollutants. International Journal of Physical Sciences Vol. 4, Pp 486-495.
[5]	Cacciola, R.R., Sarva, M., Polosa, R., 2002. Adverse respiratory effects and allergic susceptibility in relation to particulate air pollution: flirting with disaster. Allergy; 57: 281– 6.
[6]	De Paula Santos, U., Braga, A., Giorgi, D., Pereira, L., Grupi, C., Lin, C., 2005. Effects of air pollution on blood pressure and heart rate variability: a panelstudy ofvehicular traffic controllers in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Eur Heart J; 26:193-200.
[7]	Dragonieri, S., Musti, M., Izzo, C., Esposito, L.M., Barbaro, M., Resta, O., 2006. Sputum induced cellularity in a group of traffic policemen. Sci Total Environ; 367:433-436.
[8]	Tamura, K., Jinsart, W., Yano, E., Karita, K., Boudoung, D., 2003. Particulate air pollution and chronic respiratory symptoms among traffic policemen in Bangkok.Arch Environ Health; 58:201-207.
[9]	Han, X., Naeher, L., 2006. A review of traffic-related air pollution exposureassessment studies in the developing world.Environment International. 32(1): 106-120.
[10]	Fu, L., 2001. Assessment of vehicle pollution in China. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association. 51(5): 658-68.
[11]	Goyal, S., 2006. Understanding urban vehicular pollution problem vis-a-vis ambient air quality - case study of a megacity (Delhi, India). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 119: 557-569.
[12]	Abbaspour, M., Soltaninejad, A., 2004. Design of an environmental assessment model on the effect of vehicle emission. International Journal of Environmental Science Technology. 1(1): 27-38.
[13]	Brunekreef, B., 2005. Out of Africa, Occupation and Environmental Medicine. 62:351-352.
[14]	Faboya, O.O., 1997. "Industrial pollution and waste management" pp 26-35 in AkinjideOsuntokun (ed), Dimensions of Environmental problems in Nigeria, Ibadan Davidson press.
[15]	Magbagbeola, N. O., 2001. "The use of economic instruments for industrial pollution abatement in Nigeria: Application to the Lagos Lagoon", In Nigeria Economic Society, Natural Resources Use, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, pp. 535-556
[16]	Abam, F.I.,Unachukwu, G.O.2009. Vehicular emissions and air quality standards in Nigeria’’. European Journal of Scientific Research. ISSN 1450-216X Vol.34 No.4, pp.550-560. http://www.eurojournals.com/ejsr.htm
[17]	National Population Commission, 2006. The breakdown of the National and State Provisional Population Totals 2006 Census. Federal Republic of Nigeria Official Gazette. No.24, Vol.94. Published by the Federal Government Printer, Lagos, Nigeria.
[18]	UNFPA., 2007."State of world population: unleashing the potential of urban growth".
[19]	World Bank. "World Bank East Asia and the Pacific Urban Business Directions".2004. Washington, DC: World Bank, East Asia Department.
[20]	Chow, W.K., Chan, M.Y., 2003. Field measurement on transient carbon monoxide levels in vehicular tunnels. Build Environ; 38:227–36.
[21]	Abdollahi M., Zadparvar L., Ayatollahi B., Baradaran M., Nikfar S., HastaieP,et al., 1998. Hazard from carbon monoxide poisoning for bus drivers in Tehran, Iran. Bull Environ ContamToxicol;61:210– 5.
[22]	Ragini, N., Chandrashekara, M. S., Nagaiah, N.,Paramesh, L., 2009. "Study of atmospheric electrical conductivity, SO2, NO2, aerosols SPM (> 10µ) and RSPM (< 10µ) in Mysore city, India", Toxicology and Environmental Chemistry, Vol. 91 No. 4, pp. 605 – 609
[23]	Kimmel V, Kaasik M., 2003. Assessment of urban air quality in south Estonia by simple measures. Environ Model Assess;8:47– 53.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

John O. Olamijulo, Godson R. E. E Ana. (2013). Air Quality in Relation to Vehicular Traffic-Related Gaseous Emissions in two Selected Local Government Areas in South-Western Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 1(4), 121-127. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130104.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

John O. Olamijulo; Godson R. E. E Ana. Air Quality in Relation to Vehicular Traffic-Related Gaseous Emissions in two Selected Local Government Areas in South-Western Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2013, 1(4), 121-127. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20130104.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

John O. Olamijulo, Godson R. E. E Ana. Air Quality in Relation to Vehicular Traffic-Related Gaseous Emissions in two Selected Local Government Areas in South-Western Nigeria. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2013;1(4):121-127. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20130104.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20130104.12,
  author = {John O. Olamijulo and Godson R. E. E Ana},
  title = {Air Quality in Relation to Vehicular Traffic-Related Gaseous Emissions in two Selected Local Government Areas in South-Western Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {1},
  number = {4},
  pages = {121-127},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20130104.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130104.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20130104.12},
  abstract = {The aim of this study is to determine the concentration of traffic related air pollutants at major and busy road intersections in two Local Government Areas of Ibadan, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed for the study. Ibadan North and North East Local Government Areas (LGAs) were purposely selected based on their high traffic density. Thirteen sampling points were randomly selected from the 18 major road intersections within the two LGAs. Levels of sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions in (ppm) were measured using calibrated SO2 NO2 and COmonitor. Traffic density was estimated via manual counting using tally system. Measurements were carried out in the morning (6am-8am), afternoon (12pm-2pm) and evening (4pm-6pm) for 12 weeks and results obtained were compared with WHO guideline limit. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA and Pearson correlation test at 5% level of significance. The mean gaseous emissions level were CO (38.6 ± 22.2ppm), SO2 (1.0 ± 0.7ppm), NO2 (0.2 ± 0.1ppm. These values exceeded the WHO guideline limit for CO (10ppm), SO2 (0.17ppm), NO2 (0.17ppm). There was a significant difference in the mean gaseous emissions level across measurement periods of the day (8am-10am, 12pm-2pm and 4pm- 6pm) (p <0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between SO2 and traffic density (r= 0.73).Gaseous emissions exceeded the WHO guideline limit for ambient conditions at the study locations. There is need for government to institute and enforce traffic emission control and air quality management programmes in Nigeria.},
 year = {2013}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Air Quality in Relation to Vehicular Traffic-Related Gaseous Emissions in two Selected Local Government Areas in South-Western Nigeria
AU  - John O. Olamijulo
AU  - Godson R. E. E Ana
Y1  - 2013/08/20
PY  - 2013
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130104.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20130104.12
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP  - 121
EP  - 127
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130104.12
AB  - The aim of this study is to determine the concentration of traffic related air pollutants at major and busy road intersections in two Local Government Areas of Ibadan, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed for the study. Ibadan North and North East Local Government Areas (LGAs) were purposely selected based on their high traffic density. Thirteen sampling points were randomly selected from the 18 major road intersections within the two LGAs. Levels of sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions in (ppm) were measured using calibrated SO2 NO2 and COmonitor. Traffic density was estimated via manual counting using tally system. Measurements were carried out in the morning (6am-8am), afternoon (12pm-2pm) and evening (4pm-6pm) for 12 weeks and results obtained were compared with WHO guideline limit. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA and Pearson correlation test at 5% level of significance. The mean gaseous emissions level were CO (38.6 ± 22.2ppm), SO2 (1.0 ± 0.7ppm), NO2 (0.2 ± 0.1ppm. These values exceeded the WHO guideline limit for CO (10ppm), SO2 (0.17ppm), NO2 (0.17ppm). There was a significant difference in the mean gaseous emissions level across measurement periods of the day (8am-10am, 12pm-2pm and 4pm- 6pm) (p <0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between SO2 and traffic density (r= 0.73).Gaseous emissions exceeded the WHO guideline limit for ambient conditions at the study locations. There is need for government to institute and enforce traffic emission control and air quality management programmes in Nigeria.
VL  - 1
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

John O. Olamijulo

Department of Environmental Health Sciences,Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine,University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Godson R. E. E Ana

Department of Environmental Health Sciences,Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine,University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

John O. Olamijulo, Godson R. E. E Ana. (2013). Air Quality in Relation to Vehicular Traffic-Related Gaseous Emissions in two Selected Local Government Areas in South-Western Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 1(4), 121-127. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130104.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

John O. Olamijulo; Godson R. E. E Ana. Air Quality in Relation to Vehicular Traffic-Related Gaseous Emissions in two Selected Local Government Areas in South-Western Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2013, 1(4), 121-127. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20130104.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

John O. Olamijulo, Godson R. E. E Ana. Air Quality in Relation to Vehicular Traffic-Related Gaseous Emissions in two Selected Local Government Areas in South-Western Nigeria. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2013;1(4):121-127. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20130104.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20130104.12,
  author = {John O. Olamijulo and Godson R. E. E Ana},
  title = {Air Quality in Relation to Vehicular Traffic-Related Gaseous Emissions in two Selected Local Government Areas in South-Western Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {1},
  number = {4},
  pages = {121-127},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20130104.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130104.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20130104.12},
  abstract = {The aim of this study is to determine the concentration of traffic related air pollutants at major and busy road intersections in two Local Government Areas of Ibadan, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed for the study. Ibadan North and North East Local Government Areas (LGAs) were purposely selected based on their high traffic density. Thirteen sampling points were randomly selected from the 18 major road intersections within the two LGAs. Levels of sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions in (ppm) were measured using calibrated SO2 NO2 and COmonitor. Traffic density was estimated via manual counting using tally system. Measurements were carried out in the morning (6am-8am), afternoon (12pm-2pm) and evening (4pm-6pm) for 12 weeks and results obtained were compared with WHO guideline limit. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA and Pearson correlation test at 5% level of significance. The mean gaseous emissions level were CO (38.6 ± 22.2ppm), SO2 (1.0 ± 0.7ppm), NO2 (0.2 ± 0.1ppm. These values exceeded the WHO guideline limit for CO (10ppm), SO2 (0.17ppm), NO2 (0.17ppm). There was a significant difference in the mean gaseous emissions level across measurement periods of the day (8am-10am, 12pm-2pm and 4pm- 6pm) (p <0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between SO2 and traffic density (r= 0.73).Gaseous emissions exceeded the WHO guideline limit for ambient conditions at the study locations. There is need for government to institute and enforce traffic emission control and air quality management programmes in Nigeria.},
 year = {2013}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Air Quality in Relation to Vehicular Traffic-Related Gaseous Emissions in two Selected Local Government Areas in South-Western Nigeria
AU  - John O. Olamijulo
AU  - Godson R. E. E Ana
Y1  - 2013/08/20
PY  - 2013
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130104.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20130104.12
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP  - 121
EP  - 127
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130104.12
AB  - The aim of this study is to determine the concentration of traffic related air pollutants at major and busy road intersections in two Local Government Areas of Ibadan, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed for the study. Ibadan North and North East Local Government Areas (LGAs) were purposely selected based on their high traffic density. Thirteen sampling points were randomly selected from the 18 major road intersections within the two LGAs. Levels of sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions in (ppm) were measured using calibrated SO2 NO2 and COmonitor. Traffic density was estimated via manual counting using tally system. Measurements were carried out in the morning (6am-8am), afternoon (12pm-2pm) and evening (4pm-6pm) for 12 weeks and results obtained were compared with WHO guideline limit. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA and Pearson correlation test at 5% level of significance. The mean gaseous emissions level were CO (38.6 ± 22.2ppm), SO2 (1.0 ± 0.7ppm), NO2 (0.2 ± 0.1ppm. These values exceeded the WHO guideline limit for CO (10ppm), SO2 (0.17ppm), NO2 (0.17ppm). There was a significant difference in the mean gaseous emissions level across measurement periods of the day (8am-10am, 12pm-2pm and 4pm- 6pm) (p <0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between SO2 and traffic density (r= 0.73).Gaseous emissions exceeded the WHO guideline limit for ambient conditions at the study locations. There is need for government to institute and enforce traffic emission control and air quality management programmes in Nigeria.
VL  - 1
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download