Radiation Hazard Assessment by Measuring of Soil Radioactivity Levels in Al-anbar (Al-fallujah District) and Wasit Governorate in Iraq

Takrid Muneam Nafae; Haydar Ahmed Hasan; Abbas Neamah Mohammed; Alaa Fadhil Hashim

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijhep.20180501.12

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Radiation Hazard Assessment by Measuring of Soil Radioactivity Levels in Al-anbar (Al-fallujah District) and Wasit Governorate in Iraq

Takrid Muneam Nafae, Haydar Ahmed Hasan, Abbas Neamah Mohammed, Alaa Fadhil Hashim

Published in International Journal of High Energy Physics (Volume 5, Issue 1)

Received: 27 October 2017 Accepted: 11 November 2017 Published: 5 January 2018

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Abstract

Soil samples were collected from two region Al-anbar (Al-fallujah district) and Wasit of Iraq with an aim to determine the activity concentration using a coaxial high purity germanium (HPGe) detector based on high-resolution gamma spectrometry system. ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, the primordial radionuclide ⁴⁰K, and the artificial radionuclide ¹³⁷Cs were measured in the soil of the study area. The mean radioactivity concentration in Al-anbar (Al-fallujah district) and Wasit region due to ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, ⁴⁰K, and ¹³⁷Cs was (20.36, 11.08, 226.97, and 1.01Bq kg^-1) and (23.01, 14.45, 290.64, and 2.22 Bq kg^-1), respectively. Radium equivalent activity (Ra_eq), representative level index (I_γ), absorbed gamma dose rate (D) in air, total annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) from the terrestrial gamma radiation, the external and internal hazard index were estimated. The mean of six hazard index values came out to be (53.67Bq kg^-1, 0.38Bq kg^-1, 24.78Bq kg^-1, 0.15mSv y^-1, 0.14Bq kg^-1, and 0.19Bq kg^-1) in Al-anbar (Al-fallujah district) and (66.17Bq kg-1, 0.49 Bq kg^-1, 32.08 Bq kg^-1, 0.2mSv y^-1, 0.18 Bq kg^-1, and 0.24 Bq kg^-1) in Wasit, respectively. Present data have been compared with the published data for other regions of the world near from the study area and found to be safe for public and environment.

Published in	International Journal of High Energy Physics (Volume 5, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijhep.20180501.12
Page(s)	5-11
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Radiation Hazard, Annual Effective Dose, Gamma Spectrometry

References

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[2]	Jabbar A., Arshed W., Bhatti A. S., Ahmad S. S., Akhter P., Ur-Rehman S., Anjum M. I., 2010. "Measurement of soil radioactivity levels and radiation hazard assessment in southern Rechna interfluvial region, Pakistan". Environ Monit Asses. V 169, P 429-438.
[3]	Bara S. V., Vishal Arora, Chinnaesakki S., Sartandel S. J., Bajwa B. S., Tripathi R. M., Puranik V. D., 2012. "Radiological assessment of natural and fallout radioactivity in the soil of Chamba and Dharamshala areas of Himachal Pradesh, India". J Radioanal Nucl Chem., V 291, P. 769-776.
[4]	Rahman S. U., Matiullah, Malik F., Rafique M., Anwar J., Ziafat M., Jabbar A., 2011. "Measurement of naturally occurring/fallout radioactive elements and assessment of annual effective dose in soil samples collected from four districts of the Punjab Province, Pakistan". J. Radioanal Nucl. Chem., V 287, P 647-655.
[5]	Haydar Ahmed Hasan, Zeki Abduljabbar Mansoor, Omar Murbit, Hadi Mohammed Gabr, Takrid Muneam Nafae, 2011. "Evaluation of the Radioactivity of Selected Regions in Wasit and Anbar Governorates", journal of College of Science City University, V 3, N2, P 6-18.
[6]	A GUIDEBOOK IAEA, 1989. "Measurement of Radionuclides in Food and The Environment".
[7]	UNSCEAR [2000]. Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation. United Nations Scientific Committee on the effect of atomic radiation. New York: United Nations.
[8]	Agbalagba E. O., Avwiri G. O., Chad-Umoreh Y. E., 2012. "Γ-Spectroscopy measurement of natural radioactivity and assessment of radiation hazard indices in soil samples from oil fields environment of Delta State, Nigeria". Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, V 109, P 64-70.
[9]	Oyeyemi K. D. and Aizebeokhai A. P., 2015. "Geogenic Radiological Impact Assessment of Soil Samples Collected from Parts of Sagamu Southwestern Nigeria". Indian Journal Of Natural Sciences, V 6, N 33, P 10299 - 10308.
[10]	Ebaid Y. Y., 2010. "Use of Gamma-Ray spectrometry for uranium isotopic analysis in environmental samples" Rom. Journ. Phys., V 55, Nos. 1-2, P. 69-74, Bucharest.

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Takrid Muneam Nafae, Haydar Ahmed Hasan, Abbas Neamah Mohammed, Alaa Fadhil Hashim. (2018). Radiation Hazard Assessment by Measuring of Soil Radioactivity Levels in Al-anbar (Al-fallujah District) and Wasit Governorate in Iraq. International Journal of High Energy Physics, 5(1), 5-11. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhep.20180501.12

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ACS Style

Takrid Muneam Nafae; Haydar Ahmed Hasan; Abbas Neamah Mohammed; Alaa Fadhil Hashim. Radiation Hazard Assessment by Measuring of Soil Radioactivity Levels in Al-anbar (Al-fallujah District) and Wasit Governorate in Iraq. Int. J. High Energy Phys. 2018, 5(1), 5-11. doi: 10.11648/j.ijhep.20180501.12

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AMA Style

Takrid Muneam Nafae, Haydar Ahmed Hasan, Abbas Neamah Mohammed, Alaa Fadhil Hashim. Radiation Hazard Assessment by Measuring of Soil Radioactivity Levels in Al-anbar (Al-fallujah District) and Wasit Governorate in Iraq. Int J High Energy Phys. 2018;5(1):5-11. doi: 10.11648/j.ijhep.20180501.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijhep.20180501.12,
  author = {Takrid Muneam Nafae and Haydar Ahmed Hasan and Abbas Neamah Mohammed and Alaa Fadhil Hashim},
  title = {Radiation Hazard Assessment by Measuring of Soil Radioactivity Levels in Al-anbar (Al-fallujah District) and Wasit Governorate in Iraq},
  journal = {International Journal of High Energy Physics},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {5-11},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijhep.20180501.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhep.20180501.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijhep.20180501.12},
  abstract = {Soil samples were collected from two region Al-anbar (Al-fallujah district) and Wasit of Iraq with an aim to determine the activity concentration using a coaxial high purity germanium (HPGe) detector based on high-resolution gamma spectrometry system. 226Ra, 232Th, the primordial radionuclide 40K, and the artificial radionuclide 137Cs were measured in the soil of the study area. The mean radioactivity concentration in Al-anbar (Al-fallujah district) and Wasit region due to 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs was (20.36, 11.08, 226.97, and 1.01Bq kg-1) and (23.01, 14.45, 290.64, and 2.22 Bq kg-1), respectively. Radium equivalent activity (Raeq), representative level index (Iγ), absorbed gamma dose rate (D) in air, total annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) from the terrestrial gamma radiation, the external and internal hazard index were estimated. The mean of six hazard index values came out to be (53.67Bq kg-1, 0.38Bq kg-1, 24.78Bq kg-1, 0.15mSv y-1, 0.14Bq kg-1, and 0.19Bq kg-1) in Al-anbar (Al-fallujah district) and (66.17Bq kg-1, 0.49 Bq kg-1, 32.08 Bq kg-1, 0.2mSv y-1, 0.18 Bq kg-1, and 0.24 Bq kg-1) in Wasit, respectively. Present data have been compared with the published data for other regions of the world near from the study area and found to be safe for public and environment.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Radiation Hazard Assessment by Measuring of Soil Radioactivity Levels in Al-anbar (Al-fallujah District) and Wasit Governorate in Iraq
AU  - Takrid Muneam Nafae
AU  - Haydar Ahmed Hasan
AU  - Abbas Neamah Mohammed
AU  - Alaa Fadhil Hashim
Y1  - 2018/01/05
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhep.20180501.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijhep.20180501.12
T2  - International Journal of High Energy Physics
JF  - International Journal of High Energy Physics
JO  - International Journal of High Energy Physics
SP  - 5
EP  - 11
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-7448
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhep.20180501.12
AB  - Soil samples were collected from two region Al-anbar (Al-fallujah district) and Wasit of Iraq with an aim to determine the activity concentration using a coaxial high purity germanium (HPGe) detector based on high-resolution gamma spectrometry system. 226Ra, 232Th, the primordial radionuclide 40K, and the artificial radionuclide 137Cs were measured in the soil of the study area. The mean radioactivity concentration in Al-anbar (Al-fallujah district) and Wasit region due to 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs was (20.36, 11.08, 226.97, and 1.01Bq kg-1) and (23.01, 14.45, 290.64, and 2.22 Bq kg-1), respectively. Radium equivalent activity (Raeq), representative level index (Iγ), absorbed gamma dose rate (D) in air, total annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) from the terrestrial gamma radiation, the external and internal hazard index were estimated. The mean of six hazard index values came out to be (53.67Bq kg-1, 0.38Bq kg-1, 24.78Bq kg-1, 0.15mSv y-1, 0.14Bq kg-1, and 0.19Bq kg-1) in Al-anbar (Al-fallujah district) and (66.17Bq kg-1, 0.49 Bq kg-1, 32.08 Bq kg-1, 0.2mSv y-1, 0.18 Bq kg-1, and 0.24 Bq kg-1) in Wasit, respectively. Present data have been compared with the published data for other regions of the world near from the study area and found to be safe for public and environment.
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Takrid Muneam Nafae

Radiation and Nuclear Safety Directorate (RNSD), Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
Haydar Ahmed Hasan

Radiation and Nuclear Safety Directorate (RNSD), Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
Abbas Neamah Mohammed

Radiation and Nuclear Safety Directorate (RNSD), Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
Alaa Fadhil Hashim

Radiation and Nuclear Safety Directorate (RNSD), Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq

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APA Style

Takrid Muneam Nafae, Haydar Ahmed Hasan, Abbas Neamah Mohammed, Alaa Fadhil Hashim. (2018). Radiation Hazard Assessment by Measuring of Soil Radioactivity Levels in Al-anbar (Al-fallujah District) and Wasit Governorate in Iraq. International Journal of High Energy Physics, 5(1), 5-11. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhep.20180501.12

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ACS Style

Takrid Muneam Nafae; Haydar Ahmed Hasan; Abbas Neamah Mohammed; Alaa Fadhil Hashim. Radiation Hazard Assessment by Measuring of Soil Radioactivity Levels in Al-anbar (Al-fallujah District) and Wasit Governorate in Iraq. Int. J. High Energy Phys. 2018, 5(1), 5-11. doi: 10.11648/j.ijhep.20180501.12

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AMA Style

Takrid Muneam Nafae, Haydar Ahmed Hasan, Abbas Neamah Mohammed, Alaa Fadhil Hashim. Radiation Hazard Assessment by Measuring of Soil Radioactivity Levels in Al-anbar (Al-fallujah District) and Wasit Governorate in Iraq. Int J High Energy Phys. 2018;5(1):5-11. doi: 10.11648/j.ijhep.20180501.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijhep.20180501.12,
  author = {Takrid Muneam Nafae and Haydar Ahmed Hasan and Abbas Neamah Mohammed and Alaa Fadhil Hashim},
  title = {Radiation Hazard Assessment by Measuring of Soil Radioactivity Levels in Al-anbar (Al-fallujah District) and Wasit Governorate in Iraq},
  journal = {International Journal of High Energy Physics},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {5-11},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijhep.20180501.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhep.20180501.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijhep.20180501.12},
  abstract = {Soil samples were collected from two region Al-anbar (Al-fallujah district) and Wasit of Iraq with an aim to determine the activity concentration using a coaxial high purity germanium (HPGe) detector based on high-resolution gamma spectrometry system. 226Ra, 232Th, the primordial radionuclide 40K, and the artificial radionuclide 137Cs were measured in the soil of the study area. The mean radioactivity concentration in Al-anbar (Al-fallujah district) and Wasit region due to 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs was (20.36, 11.08, 226.97, and 1.01Bq kg-1) and (23.01, 14.45, 290.64, and 2.22 Bq kg-1), respectively. Radium equivalent activity (Raeq), representative level index (Iγ), absorbed gamma dose rate (D) in air, total annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) from the terrestrial gamma radiation, the external and internal hazard index were estimated. The mean of six hazard index values came out to be (53.67Bq kg-1, 0.38Bq kg-1, 24.78Bq kg-1, 0.15mSv y-1, 0.14Bq kg-1, and 0.19Bq kg-1) in Al-anbar (Al-fallujah district) and (66.17Bq kg-1, 0.49 Bq kg-1, 32.08 Bq kg-1, 0.2mSv y-1, 0.18 Bq kg-1, and 0.24 Bq kg-1) in Wasit, respectively. Present data have been compared with the published data for other regions of the world near from the study area and found to be safe for public and environment.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Radiation Hazard Assessment by Measuring of Soil Radioactivity Levels in Al-anbar (Al-fallujah District) and Wasit Governorate in Iraq
AU  - Takrid Muneam Nafae
AU  - Haydar Ahmed Hasan
AU  - Abbas Neamah Mohammed
AU  - Alaa Fadhil Hashim
Y1  - 2018/01/05
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhep.20180501.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijhep.20180501.12
T2  - International Journal of High Energy Physics
JF  - International Journal of High Energy Physics
JO  - International Journal of High Energy Physics
SP  - 5
EP  - 11
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-7448
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhep.20180501.12
AB  - Soil samples were collected from two region Al-anbar (Al-fallujah district) and Wasit of Iraq with an aim to determine the activity concentration using a coaxial high purity germanium (HPGe) detector based on high-resolution gamma spectrometry system. 226Ra, 232Th, the primordial radionuclide 40K, and the artificial radionuclide 137Cs were measured in the soil of the study area. The mean radioactivity concentration in Al-anbar (Al-fallujah district) and Wasit region due to 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs was (20.36, 11.08, 226.97, and 1.01Bq kg-1) and (23.01, 14.45, 290.64, and 2.22 Bq kg-1), respectively. Radium equivalent activity (Raeq), representative level index (Iγ), absorbed gamma dose rate (D) in air, total annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) from the terrestrial gamma radiation, the external and internal hazard index were estimated. The mean of six hazard index values came out to be (53.67Bq kg-1, 0.38Bq kg-1, 24.78Bq kg-1, 0.15mSv y-1, 0.14Bq kg-1, and 0.19Bq kg-1) in Al-anbar (Al-fallujah district) and (66.17Bq kg-1, 0.49 Bq kg-1, 32.08 Bq kg-1, 0.2mSv y-1, 0.18 Bq kg-1, and 0.24 Bq kg-1) in Wasit, respectively. Present data have been compared with the published data for other regions of the world near from the study area and found to be safe for public and environment.
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
ER  -

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