Immunodiagnostic Potential of an In-Vitro Interferon-Gamma Release Assay for Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Apparently Healthy Individuals in Okada Community, Nigeria

Benson Olu Akinshipe; Peter Chinedu Ezeani; Kester Awharentomah Digban; Friday Alfred Ehiaghe; Emmanuel Babatunde Adedeji; Joy Imuetinyan Ehiaghe

doi:doi:10.11648/j.iji.20170503.11

Immunodiagnostic Potential of an In-Vitro Interferon-Gamma Release Assay for Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Apparently Healthy Individuals in Okada Community, Nigeria

Benson Olu Akinshipe, Peter Chinedu Ezeani, Kester Awharentomah Digban, Friday Alfred Ehiaghe, Emmanuel Babatunde Adedeji, Joy Imuetinyan Ehiaghe

Published in International Journal of Immunology (Volume 5, Issue 3)

Received: 4 March 2017 Accepted: 24 March 2017 Published: 9 May 2017

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Abstract

A major challenge in the global Tuberculosis (TB) control is the diagnosis and treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI). In the absence of any reference standard test for the diagnosis of LTBI, this study set out to compare the performance of the two current immune-based tests, Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and Quantiferon–TB Gold In–Tube (QFT-GIT) ELISA in the diagnosis of LTBI. Two sets of diagnostic results for 196 apparently healthy volunteers from a cross-section of Okada Community, Edo State, Nigeria were compared in terms of age, occupation, BCG-vaccination status, prior TST and cigarette smoking history. Overall, 56 (28.6%) and 81 (41.3%) of the subjects were diagnosed with LTBI by the QFT-GIT test and TST respectively. The LTBI prevalence as assessed by the QFT-GIT test was significantly higher among the non-BCG-vaccinated, compared to the BCG-vaccinees (X²=18.79, df=1, p=0.0001). The highest concordance (QFT-GIT+ve/TST+ve) was found in the occupation categories (Ʀ=-0.009, p=0.747) and the highest discordance(QFT-GIT –ve/TST +ve) was with respect to the BCG-vaccination status (Ʀ=-0.194, p=0.046).The disparity in the performance of the two tests is attributable to the high false – positive TST results, which is a direct reflection of high (90.8%) BCG vaccination level among the study population. It is advocated that the two-step testing approach, using the QFT-GIT assay as a confirmatory test for LTBI after initial positive screening by the TST, be introduced into the TB control strategy in TB – laden communities with high BCG vaccination coverage.

Published in	International Journal of Immunology (Volume 5, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.iji.20170503.11
Page(s)	41-48
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Interferon-gamma Release Assay, Tuberculin Skin Test, Latent Tuberculosis Infection, Immunodiagnostic, Okada

References

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[20]	Legesse M, Ameni G, Mamo G, Medhin G et al. Performance of Quantiferon-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) for the diagnosis of mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) infection in Afar Pastoralists, Ethiopia. BMC infectious Diseases, 2010, 10:354.
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APA Style

Benson Olu Akinshipe, Peter Chinedu Ezeani, Kester Awharentomah Digban, Friday Alfred Ehiaghe, Emmanuel Babatunde Adedeji, et al. (2017). Immunodiagnostic Potential of an In-Vitro Interferon-Gamma Release Assay for Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Apparently Healthy Individuals in Okada Community, Nigeria. International Journal of Immunology, 5(3), 41-48. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20170503.11

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ACS Style

Benson Olu Akinshipe; Peter Chinedu Ezeani; Kester Awharentomah Digban; Friday Alfred Ehiaghe; Emmanuel Babatunde Adedeji, et al. Immunodiagnostic Potential of an In-Vitro Interferon-Gamma Release Assay for Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Apparently Healthy Individuals in Okada Community, Nigeria. Int. J. Immunol. 2017, 5(3), 41-48. doi: 10.11648/j.iji.20170503.11

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AMA Style

Benson Olu Akinshipe, Peter Chinedu Ezeani, Kester Awharentomah Digban, Friday Alfred Ehiaghe, Emmanuel Babatunde Adedeji, et al. Immunodiagnostic Potential of an In-Vitro Interferon-Gamma Release Assay for Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Apparently Healthy Individuals in Okada Community, Nigeria. Int J Immunol. 2017;5(3):41-48. doi: 10.11648/j.iji.20170503.11

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@article{10.11648/j.iji.20170503.11,
  author = {Benson Olu Akinshipe and Peter Chinedu Ezeani and Kester Awharentomah Digban and Friday Alfred Ehiaghe and Emmanuel Babatunde Adedeji and Joy Imuetinyan Ehiaghe},
  title = {Immunodiagnostic Potential of an In-Vitro Interferon-Gamma Release Assay for Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Apparently Healthy Individuals in Okada Community, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Immunology},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {41-48},
  doi = {10.11648/j.iji.20170503.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20170503.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.iji.20170503.11},
  abstract = {A major challenge in the global Tuberculosis (TB) control is the diagnosis and treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI). In the absence of any reference standard test for the diagnosis of LTBI, this study set out to compare the performance of the two current immune-based tests, Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and Quantiferon–TB Gold In–Tube (QFT-GIT) ELISA in the diagnosis of LTBI. Two sets of diagnostic results for 196 apparently healthy volunteers from a cross-section of Okada Community, Edo State, Nigeria were compared in terms of age, occupation, BCG-vaccination status, prior TST and cigarette smoking history. Overall, 56 (28.6%) and 81 (41.3%) of the subjects were diagnosed with LTBI by the QFT-GIT test and TST respectively. The LTBI prevalence as assessed by the QFT-GIT test was significantly higher among the non-BCG-vaccinated, compared to the BCG-vaccinees (X2=18.79, df=1, p=0.0001). The highest concordance (QFT-GIT+ve/TST+ve) was found in the occupation categories (Ʀ=-0.009, p=0.747) and the highest discordance(QFT-GIT –ve/TST +ve) was with respect to the BCG-vaccination status (Ʀ=-0.194, p=0.046).The disparity in the performance of the two tests is attributable to the high false – positive TST results, which is a direct reflection of high (90.8%) BCG vaccination level among the study population. It is advocated that the two-step testing approach, using the QFT-GIT assay as a confirmatory test for LTBI after initial positive screening by the TST, be introduced into the TB control strategy in TB – laden communities with high BCG vaccination coverage.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Immunodiagnostic Potential of an In-Vitro Interferon-Gamma Release Assay for Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Apparently Healthy Individuals in Okada Community, Nigeria
AU  - Benson Olu Akinshipe
AU  - Peter Chinedu Ezeani
AU  - Kester Awharentomah Digban
AU  - Friday Alfred Ehiaghe
AU  - Emmanuel Babatunde Adedeji
AU  - Joy Imuetinyan Ehiaghe
Y1  - 2017/05/09
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20170503.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.iji.20170503.11
T2  - International Journal of Immunology
JF  - International Journal of Immunology
JO  - International Journal of Immunology
SP  - 41
EP  - 48
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-1753
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20170503.11
AB  - A major challenge in the global Tuberculosis (TB) control is the diagnosis and treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI). In the absence of any reference standard test for the diagnosis of LTBI, this study set out to compare the performance of the two current immune-based tests, Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and Quantiferon–TB Gold In–Tube (QFT-GIT) ELISA in the diagnosis of LTBI. Two sets of diagnostic results for 196 apparently healthy volunteers from a cross-section of Okada Community, Edo State, Nigeria were compared in terms of age, occupation, BCG-vaccination status, prior TST and cigarette smoking history. Overall, 56 (28.6%) and 81 (41.3%) of the subjects were diagnosed with LTBI by the QFT-GIT test and TST respectively. The LTBI prevalence as assessed by the QFT-GIT test was significantly higher among the non-BCG-vaccinated, compared to the BCG-vaccinees (X2=18.79, df=1, p=0.0001). The highest concordance (QFT-GIT+ve/TST+ve) was found in the occupation categories (Ʀ=-0.009, p=0.747) and the highest discordance(QFT-GIT –ve/TST +ve) was with respect to the BCG-vaccination status (Ʀ=-0.194, p=0.046).The disparity in the performance of the two tests is attributable to the high false – positive TST results, which is a direct reflection of high (90.8%) BCG vaccination level among the study population. It is advocated that the two-step testing approach, using the QFT-GIT assay as a confirmatory test for LTBI after initial positive screening by the TST, be introduced into the TB control strategy in TB – laden communities with high BCG vaccination coverage.
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Benson Olu Akinshipe

Departments of Medical Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Igbinedion University & Igbinedion University Teaching Hospital, Okada, Nigeria
Peter Chinedu Ezeani

Kamorass Specialist Clinics Laboratories, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria
Kester Awharentomah Digban

Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Igbinedion University, Okada, Nigeria
Friday Alfred Ehiaghe

Department of Hematology, College of Health Sciences, Igbinedion University, Okada, Nigeria
Emmanuel Babatunde Adedeji

Environmental Biology Research Unit, University Of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Joy Imuetinyan Ehiaghe

Lahor Research Laboratory and Medical Centre, Benin City, Nigeria

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APA Style

Benson Olu Akinshipe, Peter Chinedu Ezeani, Kester Awharentomah Digban, Friday Alfred Ehiaghe, Emmanuel Babatunde Adedeji, et al. (2017). Immunodiagnostic Potential of an In-Vitro Interferon-Gamma Release Assay for Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Apparently Healthy Individuals in Okada Community, Nigeria. International Journal of Immunology, 5(3), 41-48. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20170503.11

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ACS Style

Benson Olu Akinshipe; Peter Chinedu Ezeani; Kester Awharentomah Digban; Friday Alfred Ehiaghe; Emmanuel Babatunde Adedeji, et al. Immunodiagnostic Potential of an In-Vitro Interferon-Gamma Release Assay for Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Apparently Healthy Individuals in Okada Community, Nigeria. Int. J. Immunol. 2017, 5(3), 41-48. doi: 10.11648/j.iji.20170503.11

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AMA Style

Benson Olu Akinshipe, Peter Chinedu Ezeani, Kester Awharentomah Digban, Friday Alfred Ehiaghe, Emmanuel Babatunde Adedeji, et al. Immunodiagnostic Potential of an In-Vitro Interferon-Gamma Release Assay for Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Apparently Healthy Individuals in Okada Community, Nigeria. Int J Immunol. 2017;5(3):41-48. doi: 10.11648/j.iji.20170503.11

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@article{10.11648/j.iji.20170503.11,
  author = {Benson Olu Akinshipe and Peter Chinedu Ezeani and Kester Awharentomah Digban and Friday Alfred Ehiaghe and Emmanuel Babatunde Adedeji and Joy Imuetinyan Ehiaghe},
  title = {Immunodiagnostic Potential of an In-Vitro Interferon-Gamma Release Assay for Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Apparently Healthy Individuals in Okada Community, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Immunology},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {41-48},
  doi = {10.11648/j.iji.20170503.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20170503.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.iji.20170503.11},
  abstract = {A major challenge in the global Tuberculosis (TB) control is the diagnosis and treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI). In the absence of any reference standard test for the diagnosis of LTBI, this study set out to compare the performance of the two current immune-based tests, Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and Quantiferon–TB Gold In–Tube (QFT-GIT) ELISA in the diagnosis of LTBI. Two sets of diagnostic results for 196 apparently healthy volunteers from a cross-section of Okada Community, Edo State, Nigeria were compared in terms of age, occupation, BCG-vaccination status, prior TST and cigarette smoking history. Overall, 56 (28.6%) and 81 (41.3%) of the subjects were diagnosed with LTBI by the QFT-GIT test and TST respectively. The LTBI prevalence as assessed by the QFT-GIT test was significantly higher among the non-BCG-vaccinated, compared to the BCG-vaccinees (X2=18.79, df=1, p=0.0001). The highest concordance (QFT-GIT+ve/TST+ve) was found in the occupation categories (Ʀ=-0.009, p=0.747) and the highest discordance(QFT-GIT –ve/TST +ve) was with respect to the BCG-vaccination status (Ʀ=-0.194, p=0.046).The disparity in the performance of the two tests is attributable to the high false – positive TST results, which is a direct reflection of high (90.8%) BCG vaccination level among the study population. It is advocated that the two-step testing approach, using the QFT-GIT assay as a confirmatory test for LTBI after initial positive screening by the TST, be introduced into the TB control strategy in TB – laden communities with high BCG vaccination coverage.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Immunodiagnostic Potential of an In-Vitro Interferon-Gamma Release Assay for Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Apparently Healthy Individuals in Okada Community, Nigeria
AU  - Benson Olu Akinshipe
AU  - Peter Chinedu Ezeani
AU  - Kester Awharentomah Digban
AU  - Friday Alfred Ehiaghe
AU  - Emmanuel Babatunde Adedeji
AU  - Joy Imuetinyan Ehiaghe
Y1  - 2017/05/09
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20170503.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.iji.20170503.11
T2  - International Journal of Immunology
JF  - International Journal of Immunology
JO  - International Journal of Immunology
SP  - 41
EP  - 48
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-1753
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20170503.11
AB  - A major challenge in the global Tuberculosis (TB) control is the diagnosis and treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI). In the absence of any reference standard test for the diagnosis of LTBI, this study set out to compare the performance of the two current immune-based tests, Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and Quantiferon–TB Gold In–Tube (QFT-GIT) ELISA in the diagnosis of LTBI. Two sets of diagnostic results for 196 apparently healthy volunteers from a cross-section of Okada Community, Edo State, Nigeria were compared in terms of age, occupation, BCG-vaccination status, prior TST and cigarette smoking history. Overall, 56 (28.6%) and 81 (41.3%) of the subjects were diagnosed with LTBI by the QFT-GIT test and TST respectively. The LTBI prevalence as assessed by the QFT-GIT test was significantly higher among the non-BCG-vaccinated, compared to the BCG-vaccinees (X2=18.79, df=1, p=0.0001). The highest concordance (QFT-GIT+ve/TST+ve) was found in the occupation categories (Ʀ=-0.009, p=0.747) and the highest discordance(QFT-GIT –ve/TST +ve) was with respect to the BCG-vaccination status (Ʀ=-0.194, p=0.046).The disparity in the performance of the two tests is attributable to the high false – positive TST results, which is a direct reflection of high (90.8%) BCG vaccination level among the study population. It is advocated that the two-step testing approach, using the QFT-GIT assay as a confirmatory test for LTBI after initial positive screening by the TST, be introduced into the TB control strategy in TB – laden communities with high BCG vaccination coverage.
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
ER  -

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