A Review on Numerical and Experimental Results of Hydrogen Addition to Natural Gas in Internal Combustion Engines

Javad Zareei; Faizal Wan Mahmood; Shahrir Abdullah; Yusoff Ali

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijrse.20140301.12

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A Review on Numerical and Experimental Results of Hydrogen Addition to Natural Gas in Internal Combustion Engines

Javad Zareei, Faizal Wan Mahmood, Shahrir Abdullah, Yusoff Ali

Published in International Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy (Volume 3, Issue 1)

Received: 16 November 2013 Published: 10 January 2014

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Abstract

Conventional fossil fuel for combustion system, such as gasoline and petroleum have long been recognized as powerful energy source, however these have a number of problems related to emissions and energy security. The use of hydrogen blends with natural gas is a viable alternative to pure fossil fuels because of the expected reduction of the total pollutant emissions and increase of efficiency. Enhancement of chemical reaction with hydrogen addition is regarded as the increase of H, O and OH free radical mole fraction in the flame. Also in SI engines will move the lean limit to leaner mixture, increasing the combustion speed and temperature. Results show that the hydrogen has a catalyzing effect in the ignition of hydrocarbons with only a few percent addition of hydrogen by volume and by adding it to the pure natural gas (CNG) this difference in spark advance of the engine may be reduced, as a result of the higher flame speed of hydrogen. In this paper, we present the advances and development made on internal combustion engines which operate with mixture of hydrogen/CNG, doing more emphasis in the combustion process, ignition energy and injection systems. Also this paper mentions a comparison that experimental and numerical results match quite well expect for extremely fuel lean condition. The nozzle geometry has an important influence on injection process and combustion development and shows that degree of conicity can be evaluated for each nozzle by the K- Factor.

Published in	International Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy (Volume 3, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijrse.20140301.12
Page(s)	6-12
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Combustion, Hydrogen, Natural Gas, Injection, Performance, Emission

References

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APA Style

Javad Zareei, Faizal Wan Mahmood, Shahrir Abdullah, Yusoff Ali. (2014). A Review on Numerical and Experimental Results of Hydrogen Addition to Natural Gas in Internal Combustion Engines. International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy, 3(1), 6-12. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20140301.12

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ACS Style

Javad Zareei; Faizal Wan Mahmood; Shahrir Abdullah; Yusoff Ali. A Review on Numerical and Experimental Results of Hydrogen Addition to Natural Gas in Internal Combustion Engines. Int. J. Sustain. Green Energy 2014, 3(1), 6-12. doi: 10.11648/j.ijrse.20140301.12

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AMA Style

Javad Zareei, Faizal Wan Mahmood, Shahrir Abdullah, Yusoff Ali. A Review on Numerical and Experimental Results of Hydrogen Addition to Natural Gas in Internal Combustion Engines. Int J Sustain Green Energy. 2014;3(1):6-12. doi: 10.11648/j.ijrse.20140301.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijrse.20140301.12,
  author = {Javad Zareei and Faizal Wan Mahmood and Shahrir Abdullah and Yusoff Ali},
  title = {A Review on Numerical and Experimental Results of Hydrogen Addition to Natural Gas in Internal Combustion Engines},
  journal = {International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {6-12},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijrse.20140301.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20140301.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijrse.20140301.12},
  abstract = {Conventional fossil fuel for combustion system, such as gasoline and petroleum have long been recognized as powerful energy source, however these have a number of problems related to emissions and energy security. The use of hydrogen blends with natural gas is a viable alternative to pure fossil fuels because of the expected reduction of the total pollutant emissions and increase of efficiency. Enhancement of chemical reaction with hydrogen addition is regarded as the increase of H, O and OH free radical mole fraction in the flame. Also in SI engines will move the lean limit to leaner mixture, increasing the combustion speed and temperature. Results show that the hydrogen has a catalyzing effect in the ignition of hydrocarbons with only a few percent addition of hydrogen by volume and by adding it to the pure natural gas (CNG) this difference in spark advance of the engine may be reduced, as a result of the higher flame speed of hydrogen. In this paper, we present the advances and development made on internal combustion engines which operate with mixture of hydrogen/CNG, doing more emphasis in the combustion process, ignition energy and injection systems. Also this paper mentions a comparison that experimental and numerical results match quite well expect for extremely fuel lean condition. The nozzle geometry has an important influence on injection process and combustion development and shows that degree of conicity can be evaluated for each nozzle by the K- Factor.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - A Review on Numerical and Experimental Results of Hydrogen Addition to Natural Gas in Internal Combustion Engines
AU  - Javad Zareei
AU  - Faizal Wan Mahmood
AU  - Shahrir Abdullah
AU  - Yusoff Ali
Y1  - 2014/01/10
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20140301.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijrse.20140301.12
T2  - International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy
JF  - International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy
JO  - International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy
SP  - 6
EP  - 12
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1549
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20140301.12
AB  - Conventional fossil fuel for combustion system, such as gasoline and petroleum have long been recognized as powerful energy source, however these have a number of problems related to emissions and energy security. The use of hydrogen blends with natural gas is a viable alternative to pure fossil fuels because of the expected reduction of the total pollutant emissions and increase of efficiency. Enhancement of chemical reaction with hydrogen addition is regarded as the increase of H, O and OH free radical mole fraction in the flame. Also in SI engines will move the lean limit to leaner mixture, increasing the combustion speed and temperature. Results show that the hydrogen has a catalyzing effect in the ignition of hydrocarbons with only a few percent addition of hydrogen by volume and by adding it to the pure natural gas (CNG) this difference in spark advance of the engine may be reduced, as a result of the higher flame speed of hydrogen. In this paper, we present the advances and development made on internal combustion engines which operate with mixture of hydrogen/CNG, doing more emphasis in the combustion process, ignition energy and injection systems. Also this paper mentions a comparison that experimental and numerical results match quite well expect for extremely fuel lean condition. The nozzle geometry has an important influence on injection process and combustion development and shows that degree of conicity can be evaluated for each nozzle by the K- Factor.
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Javad Zareei

Department of Automotive Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Standard Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
Faizal Wan Mahmood

Centre for automotive research, Faculty of Engineering & the Built Environment, University Kebangsaan Malaysia
Shahrir Abdullah

Centre for automotive research, Faculty of Engineering & the Built Environment, University Kebangsaan Malaysia
Yusoff Ali

Centre for automotive research, Faculty of Engineering & the Built Environment, University Kebangsaan Malaysia

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APA Style

Javad Zareei, Faizal Wan Mahmood, Shahrir Abdullah, Yusoff Ali. (2014). A Review on Numerical and Experimental Results of Hydrogen Addition to Natural Gas in Internal Combustion Engines. International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy, 3(1), 6-12. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20140301.12

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ACS Style

Javad Zareei; Faizal Wan Mahmood; Shahrir Abdullah; Yusoff Ali. A Review on Numerical and Experimental Results of Hydrogen Addition to Natural Gas in Internal Combustion Engines. Int. J. Sustain. Green Energy 2014, 3(1), 6-12. doi: 10.11648/j.ijrse.20140301.12

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AMA Style

Javad Zareei, Faizal Wan Mahmood, Shahrir Abdullah, Yusoff Ali. A Review on Numerical and Experimental Results of Hydrogen Addition to Natural Gas in Internal Combustion Engines. Int J Sustain Green Energy. 2014;3(1):6-12. doi: 10.11648/j.ijrse.20140301.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijrse.20140301.12,
  author = {Javad Zareei and Faizal Wan Mahmood and Shahrir Abdullah and Yusoff Ali},
  title = {A Review on Numerical and Experimental Results of Hydrogen Addition to Natural Gas in Internal Combustion Engines},
  journal = {International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {6-12},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijrse.20140301.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20140301.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijrse.20140301.12},
  abstract = {Conventional fossil fuel for combustion system, such as gasoline and petroleum have long been recognized as powerful energy source, however these have a number of problems related to emissions and energy security. The use of hydrogen blends with natural gas is a viable alternative to pure fossil fuels because of the expected reduction of the total pollutant emissions and increase of efficiency. Enhancement of chemical reaction with hydrogen addition is regarded as the increase of H, O and OH free radical mole fraction in the flame. Also in SI engines will move the lean limit to leaner mixture, increasing the combustion speed and temperature. Results show that the hydrogen has a catalyzing effect in the ignition of hydrocarbons with only a few percent addition of hydrogen by volume and by adding it to the pure natural gas (CNG) this difference in spark advance of the engine may be reduced, as a result of the higher flame speed of hydrogen. In this paper, we present the advances and development made on internal combustion engines which operate with mixture of hydrogen/CNG, doing more emphasis in the combustion process, ignition energy and injection systems. Also this paper mentions a comparison that experimental and numerical results match quite well expect for extremely fuel lean condition. The nozzle geometry has an important influence on injection process and combustion development and shows that degree of conicity can be evaluated for each nozzle by the K- Factor.},
 year = {2014}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - A Review on Numerical and Experimental Results of Hydrogen Addition to Natural Gas in Internal Combustion Engines
AU  - Javad Zareei
AU  - Faizal Wan Mahmood
AU  - Shahrir Abdullah
AU  - Yusoff Ali
Y1  - 2014/01/10
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20140301.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijrse.20140301.12
T2  - International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy
JF  - International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy
JO  - International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy
SP  - 6
EP  - 12
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1549
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20140301.12
AB  - Conventional fossil fuel for combustion system, such as gasoline and petroleum have long been recognized as powerful energy source, however these have a number of problems related to emissions and energy security. The use of hydrogen blends with natural gas is a viable alternative to pure fossil fuels because of the expected reduction of the total pollutant emissions and increase of efficiency. Enhancement of chemical reaction with hydrogen addition is regarded as the increase of H, O and OH free radical mole fraction in the flame. Also in SI engines will move the lean limit to leaner mixture, increasing the combustion speed and temperature. Results show that the hydrogen has a catalyzing effect in the ignition of hydrocarbons with only a few percent addition of hydrogen by volume and by adding it to the pure natural gas (CNG) this difference in spark advance of the engine may be reduced, as a result of the higher flame speed of hydrogen. In this paper, we present the advances and development made on internal combustion engines which operate with mixture of hydrogen/CNG, doing more emphasis in the combustion process, ignition energy and injection systems. Also this paper mentions a comparison that experimental and numerical results match quite well expect for extremely fuel lean condition. The nozzle geometry has an important influence on injection process and combustion development and shows that degree of conicity can be evaluated for each nozzle by the K- Factor.
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
ER  -

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