Preliminary Investigations for Landfill Siting in Lafia, Nasarawa State of Central Nigeria

Namo Micah Musa; Mallo Stephen; Wazoh Hannatu; Ikeadighi Jane; Elaigwu Samuel; Lucas Dan

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.11

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Preliminary Investigations for Landfill Siting in Lafia, Nasarawa State of Central Nigeria

Namo Micah Musa, Mallo Stephen, Wazoh Hannatu, Ikeadighi Jane, Elaigwu Samuel, Lucas Dan

Published in International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy (Volume 9, Issue 4)

Received: 30 July 2020 Accepted: 17 August 2020 Published: 31 December 2020

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Abstract

Waste management has taken the front purview in recent years due to the evident and attendant effects of indiscriminate disposal of wastes to the environment. This led to the preliminary investigations for the proposed siting of a landfill facility in Lafia and environs of Nasarawa State in Central Nigeria, with the aim of providing valuable information on the suitability for location for the disposal of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). The combined use of geo-resistivity, geological and hydrogeological investigations were carried out for the study. Ten Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) of the Schlumberger array was used to investigate the properties of the subsurface lithologies to determine their properties especially, clay, for siting a landfill. Clay, an attenuating material, is significant for siting a landfill facility because it tends to isolate potentially toxic wastes from the environment by slowing down the movement of leachates into groundwater and the environmental. Quantitative interpretation of data of the VES survey using the IPI2win computer software revealed the presence of four to five geologic layers comprising of sandy top soil (247 – 1964Ωm), silty sand (98 – 3488Ωm), clayey-shally/sand (68 – 3922Ωm), saturated clayey sand (31 – 3226Ωm) and loose sand (478Ωm). Clay was found to be abundant in the area and found at depths ranging from 30m to infinity. Geologically, structures like lineaments abound and were analysed; they show a dominant trend in the NW – SE direction from the Rosette Diagram. Lineaments are useful for studies because they are possible conduits where decomposed wastes in liquid form, such as leachates, get transported to pollute groundwater. Hydrogeological studies surveyed Static Water Levels (SWL) measurement from 51 hand dug wells in the study area. The SWL ranges between 5.8m and 37.1m. The data from the SWL was used to construct the absolute water level map in a 3D form to show the flow direction of the groundwater. The study revealed the presence of impermeable clays at VES 1, 2, 3, 9 and 10. This is significant for selection for landfill due to its pollution-prevention properties of groundwater pollution. The investigations carried out in this study show that Shabu, a town located about 8km from Lafia, is likely suitable for siting a landfill facility; because of the abundance of clay at a shallow depth of 30m and with limited preponderance of lineaments.

Published in	International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy (Volume 9, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.11
Page(s)	73-84
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Clay, Landfill, Leachates, Lineaments, Municipal Solid Waste, Resistivities, Vertical Electrical Sounding, Shabu

References

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[4]	Ukpon, E. C. U., Udo, E. A. and Umoh, I. C. (2015). Characterization of Materials from Aba Waste Dumpsites. Int. J. Eng. Applied. Sc. 6: 1-10.
[5]	Odoemene, U. D. and Ofodu, J. (2016). Solid Waste Management in Aba Metropolis. Int. J. Adv. Acad. Res. 2: 1-7.
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[7]	Loke, M. H. (1999). Electrical Imaging Surveys for Environmental and Engineering Studies, A Practical Guide to 2D and 3D Surveys. http://www.geoelectrical.com.
[8]	Radulescu, M., Valerian, C. and Yang, J. (2007). Time Lapse Electrical Resistivity Anomalies due to Contaminant Transport Around Landfills, Annals of Geophysics, 50, 453-468.
[9]	Zhu, K. and Yang, J. (2008). Time-Dependent Magnetic Resistivity Anomalies of Groundwater Contamination: Synthetic Results from Computational Hydro-Geophysical Modeling. Applied Geophysics 5, 322-336.
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[12]	Oyediran, I. A. and Adeyemi, G. O. (2011). Use of geophysical methods in landfill site investigation: a case study of Ibadan, South-western Nigeria. New York Science Journal, 4 (10), http://www.science pub.net/newyork.
[13]	Rakiat, L. H., Alaga, T. A., Gajere, E. N., Ukor, C. and Amos, S. J. (2016). Landfill Site Selection for Solid Waste Management in Karu LGA, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, Vol. 3 (6), pp 436-467.
[14]	Binbol, N. L. (2006) A climate of Nasarawa State. Report of geographical prospective on Nas. State, Dept. of Geography, Nasarawa State University, Keffi.
[15]	Umar, N. D., Idris, I. G., Aliyu, M. K. and Idris, M. S. (2018). Assessment of aquifer protective capacity and corrosion potential using electrical resistivity techniques in the sandstone aquifer of Lafia and environs, Nasarawa State, Nigerian Journal of Physics, Vol 27 S, Pp 83–94.
[16]	Offodile, M. E. (2002). Groundwater study and development in Nigeria, Published by Meacon Geology and Engineering Services Ltd., Jos, Nigeria.
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Namo Micah Musa, Mallo Stephen, Wazoh Hannatu, Ikeadighi Jane, Elaigwu Samuel, et al. (2020). Preliminary Investigations for Landfill Siting in Lafia, Nasarawa State of Central Nigeria. International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy, 9(4), 73-84. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.11

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ACS Style

Namo Micah Musa; Mallo Stephen; Wazoh Hannatu; Ikeadighi Jane; Elaigwu Samuel, et al. Preliminary Investigations for Landfill Siting in Lafia, Nasarawa State of Central Nigeria. Int. J. Sustain. Green Energy 2020, 9(4), 73-84. doi: 10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.11

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AMA Style

Namo Micah Musa, Mallo Stephen, Wazoh Hannatu, Ikeadighi Jane, Elaigwu Samuel, et al. Preliminary Investigations for Landfill Siting in Lafia, Nasarawa State of Central Nigeria. Int J Sustain Green Energy. 2020;9(4):73-84. doi: 10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.11,
  author = {Namo Micah Musa and Mallo Stephen and Wazoh Hannatu and Ikeadighi Jane and Elaigwu Samuel and Lucas Dan},
  title = {Preliminary Investigations for Landfill Siting in Lafia, Nasarawa State of Central Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {73-84},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijrse.20200904.11},
  abstract = {Waste management has taken the front purview in recent years due to the evident and attendant effects of indiscriminate disposal of wastes to the environment. This led to the preliminary investigations for the proposed siting of a landfill facility in Lafia and environs of Nasarawa State in Central Nigeria, with the aim of providing valuable information on the suitability for location for the disposal of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). The combined use of geo-resistivity, geological and hydrogeological investigations were carried out for the study. Ten Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) of the Schlumberger array was used to investigate the properties of the subsurface lithologies to determine their properties especially, clay, for siting a landfill. Clay, an attenuating material, is significant for siting a landfill facility because it tends to isolate potentially toxic wastes from the environment by slowing down the movement of leachates into groundwater and the environmental. Quantitative interpretation of data of the VES survey using the IPI2win computer software revealed the presence of four to five geologic layers comprising of sandy top soil (247 – 1964Ωm), silty sand (98 – 3488Ωm), clayey-shally/sand (68 – 3922Ωm), saturated clayey sand (31 – 3226Ωm) and loose sand (478Ωm). Clay was found to be abundant in the area and found at depths ranging from 30m to infinity. Geologically, structures like lineaments abound and were analysed; they show a dominant trend in the NW – SE direction from the Rosette Diagram. Lineaments are useful for studies because they are possible conduits where decomposed wastes in liquid form, such as leachates, get transported to pollute groundwater. Hydrogeological studies surveyed Static Water Levels (SWL) measurement from 51 hand dug wells in the study area. The SWL ranges between 5.8m and 37.1m. The data from the SWL was used to construct the absolute water level map in a 3D form to show the flow direction of the groundwater. The study revealed the presence of impermeable clays at VES 1, 2, 3, 9 and 10. This is significant for selection for landfill due to its pollution-prevention properties of groundwater pollution. The investigations carried out in this study show that Shabu, a town located about 8km from Lafia, is likely suitable for siting a landfill facility; because of the abundance of clay at a shallow depth of 30m and with limited preponderance of lineaments.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Preliminary Investigations for Landfill Siting in Lafia, Nasarawa State of Central Nigeria
AU  - Namo Micah Musa
AU  - Mallo Stephen
AU  - Wazoh Hannatu
AU  - Ikeadighi Jane
AU  - Elaigwu Samuel
AU  - Lucas Dan
Y1  - 2020/12/31
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.11
T2  - International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy
JF  - International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy
JO  - International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy
SP  - 73
EP  - 84
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1549
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.11
AB  - Waste management has taken the front purview in recent years due to the evident and attendant effects of indiscriminate disposal of wastes to the environment. This led to the preliminary investigations for the proposed siting of a landfill facility in Lafia and environs of Nasarawa State in Central Nigeria, with the aim of providing valuable information on the suitability for location for the disposal of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). The combined use of geo-resistivity, geological and hydrogeological investigations were carried out for the study. Ten Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) of the Schlumberger array was used to investigate the properties of the subsurface lithologies to determine their properties especially, clay, for siting a landfill. Clay, an attenuating material, is significant for siting a landfill facility because it tends to isolate potentially toxic wastes from the environment by slowing down the movement of leachates into groundwater and the environmental. Quantitative interpretation of data of the VES survey using the IPI2win computer software revealed the presence of four to five geologic layers comprising of sandy top soil (247 – 1964Ωm), silty sand (98 – 3488Ωm), clayey-shally/sand (68 – 3922Ωm), saturated clayey sand (31 – 3226Ωm) and loose sand (478Ωm). Clay was found to be abundant in the area and found at depths ranging from 30m to infinity. Geologically, structures like lineaments abound and were analysed; they show a dominant trend in the NW – SE direction from the Rosette Diagram. Lineaments are useful for studies because they are possible conduits where decomposed wastes in liquid form, such as leachates, get transported to pollute groundwater. Hydrogeological studies surveyed Static Water Levels (SWL) measurement from 51 hand dug wells in the study area. The SWL ranges between 5.8m and 37.1m. The data from the SWL was used to construct the absolute water level map in a 3D form to show the flow direction of the groundwater. The study revealed the presence of impermeable clays at VES 1, 2, 3, 9 and 10. This is significant for selection for landfill due to its pollution-prevention properties of groundwater pollution. The investigations carried out in this study show that Shabu, a town located about 8km from Lafia, is likely suitable for siting a landfill facility; because of the abundance of clay at a shallow depth of 30m and with limited preponderance of lineaments.
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Namo Micah Musa

Department of Geology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
Mallo Stephen

Department of Mining Engineering, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
Wazoh Hannatu

Department of Geology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
Ikeadighi Jane

Department of Geology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
Elaigwu Samuel

Department of Geology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
Lucas Dan

Department of Geology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria

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APA Style

Namo Micah Musa, Mallo Stephen, Wazoh Hannatu, Ikeadighi Jane, Elaigwu Samuel, et al. (2020). Preliminary Investigations for Landfill Siting in Lafia, Nasarawa State of Central Nigeria. International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy, 9(4), 73-84. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.11

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ACS Style

Namo Micah Musa; Mallo Stephen; Wazoh Hannatu; Ikeadighi Jane; Elaigwu Samuel, et al. Preliminary Investigations for Landfill Siting in Lafia, Nasarawa State of Central Nigeria. Int. J. Sustain. Green Energy 2020, 9(4), 73-84. doi: 10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.11

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AMA Style

Namo Micah Musa, Mallo Stephen, Wazoh Hannatu, Ikeadighi Jane, Elaigwu Samuel, et al. Preliminary Investigations for Landfill Siting in Lafia, Nasarawa State of Central Nigeria. Int J Sustain Green Energy. 2020;9(4):73-84. doi: 10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.11,
  author = {Namo Micah Musa and Mallo Stephen and Wazoh Hannatu and Ikeadighi Jane and Elaigwu Samuel and Lucas Dan},
  title = {Preliminary Investigations for Landfill Siting in Lafia, Nasarawa State of Central Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy},
  volume = {9},
  number = {4},
  pages = {73-84},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijrse.20200904.11},
  abstract = {Waste management has taken the front purview in recent years due to the evident and attendant effects of indiscriminate disposal of wastes to the environment. This led to the preliminary investigations for the proposed siting of a landfill facility in Lafia and environs of Nasarawa State in Central Nigeria, with the aim of providing valuable information on the suitability for location for the disposal of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). The combined use of geo-resistivity, geological and hydrogeological investigations were carried out for the study. Ten Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) of the Schlumberger array was used to investigate the properties of the subsurface lithologies to determine their properties especially, clay, for siting a landfill. Clay, an attenuating material, is significant for siting a landfill facility because it tends to isolate potentially toxic wastes from the environment by slowing down the movement of leachates into groundwater and the environmental. Quantitative interpretation of data of the VES survey using the IPI2win computer software revealed the presence of four to five geologic layers comprising of sandy top soil (247 – 1964Ωm), silty sand (98 – 3488Ωm), clayey-shally/sand (68 – 3922Ωm), saturated clayey sand (31 – 3226Ωm) and loose sand (478Ωm). Clay was found to be abundant in the area and found at depths ranging from 30m to infinity. Geologically, structures like lineaments abound and were analysed; they show a dominant trend in the NW – SE direction from the Rosette Diagram. Lineaments are useful for studies because they are possible conduits where decomposed wastes in liquid form, such as leachates, get transported to pollute groundwater. Hydrogeological studies surveyed Static Water Levels (SWL) measurement from 51 hand dug wells in the study area. The SWL ranges between 5.8m and 37.1m. The data from the SWL was used to construct the absolute water level map in a 3D form to show the flow direction of the groundwater. The study revealed the presence of impermeable clays at VES 1, 2, 3, 9 and 10. This is significant for selection for landfill due to its pollution-prevention properties of groundwater pollution. The investigations carried out in this study show that Shabu, a town located about 8km from Lafia, is likely suitable for siting a landfill facility; because of the abundance of clay at a shallow depth of 30m and with limited preponderance of lineaments.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Preliminary Investigations for Landfill Siting in Lafia, Nasarawa State of Central Nigeria
AU  - Namo Micah Musa
AU  - Mallo Stephen
AU  - Wazoh Hannatu
AU  - Ikeadighi Jane
AU  - Elaigwu Samuel
AU  - Lucas Dan
Y1  - 2020/12/31
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.11
T2  - International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy
JF  - International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy
JO  - International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy
SP  - 73
EP  - 84
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1549
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20200904.11
AB  - Waste management has taken the front purview in recent years due to the evident and attendant effects of indiscriminate disposal of wastes to the environment. This led to the preliminary investigations for the proposed siting of a landfill facility in Lafia and environs of Nasarawa State in Central Nigeria, with the aim of providing valuable information on the suitability for location for the disposal of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). The combined use of geo-resistivity, geological and hydrogeological investigations were carried out for the study. Ten Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) of the Schlumberger array was used to investigate the properties of the subsurface lithologies to determine their properties especially, clay, for siting a landfill. Clay, an attenuating material, is significant for siting a landfill facility because it tends to isolate potentially toxic wastes from the environment by slowing down the movement of leachates into groundwater and the environmental. Quantitative interpretation of data of the VES survey using the IPI2win computer software revealed the presence of four to five geologic layers comprising of sandy top soil (247 – 1964Ωm), silty sand (98 – 3488Ωm), clayey-shally/sand (68 – 3922Ωm), saturated clayey sand (31 – 3226Ωm) and loose sand (478Ωm). Clay was found to be abundant in the area and found at depths ranging from 30m to infinity. Geologically, structures like lineaments abound and were analysed; they show a dominant trend in the NW – SE direction from the Rosette Diagram. Lineaments are useful for studies because they are possible conduits where decomposed wastes in liquid form, such as leachates, get transported to pollute groundwater. Hydrogeological studies surveyed Static Water Levels (SWL) measurement from 51 hand dug wells in the study area. The SWL ranges between 5.8m and 37.1m. The data from the SWL was used to construct the absolute water level map in a 3D form to show the flow direction of the groundwater. The study revealed the presence of impermeable clays at VES 1, 2, 3, 9 and 10. This is significant for selection for landfill due to its pollution-prevention properties of groundwater pollution. The investigations carried out in this study show that Shabu, a town located about 8km from Lafia, is likely suitable for siting a landfill facility; because of the abundance of clay at a shallow depth of 30m and with limited preponderance of lineaments.
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
ER  -

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