Retrospective Assessment of Irrational use of Antibiotics to Children Attending in Mekelle General Hospital

Girum Sebsibie; Teklemariam Gultie

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjcm.20140303.14

| Peer-Reviewed

Retrospective Assessment of Irrational use of Antibiotics to Children Attending in Mekelle General Hospital

Girum Sebsibie, Teklemariam Gultie

Published in Science Journal of Clinical Medicine (Volume 3, Issue 3)

Received: 14 May 2014 Accepted: 6 June 2014 Published: 20 June 2014

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Background: In the last decades, there has been an escalating consumption of antibiotics with the number of antibiotic prescriptions increasing worldwide. Since children are more vulnerable to infectious disease than adults, more antibiotics are prescribed for them. Inappropriate use of antibiotics has resulted in a major increase in the development of multi-drug resistant pathogens with great implication in terms of morbidity, mortality and costs. The objective of this study was to determine the irrational use of antibiotics prescribed for children under the age of 15 years in Mekelle general hospital. Methods: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted. Four hundred three children’s prescriptions and corresponding cards which were recorded by the year 2012 were selected by systematic random sampling proportionally from each month in the year. Results: Of all antibiotic prescriptions reviewed, the numbers of outpatient antibiotic prescriptions were 222 (55.1%) while inpatient prescriptions were 181 (44.9%).The predefined antibiotics indicators like percentage of antibiotics prescribed, frequency of route of administration, antibiotics prescribed from Standard treatment guideline, proportion of antibiotics, cost of antibiotics per antibiotics days, incidence and antibiotics utilization ratio were determined and 141(35.1%) were treated with different antibiotics irrationally. Conclusion: The finding of this study indicated that antibiotics were prescribed irrationally. Prescriptions containing one or more antibiotics constituted 73.68% of all prescriptions and around 5.9% of encounters were treated without any diagnosis. T he study has revealed that third generation cephalosporin (ceftriaxone) has been highly prescribed in the study hospital.

Published in	Science Journal of Clinical Medicine (Volume 3, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjcm.20140303.14
Page(s)	46-51
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Antibiotics, Children, Cross sectional, Irrational, Mekelle, Retrospective

References

[1]	Katzung B: Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Eighth edition. New York: Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill medical Publishing division; 2001:25-35.
[2]	Zintzaras E, Ioannidis JP: Modeling of escalating outpatient antibiotic expenditures. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2003, 52(6): 1001-1010.
[3]	Raymond DP, Pelletier SJ, Sawyer RG: Antibiotic utilization Strategy to limit antimicrobial resistant [http://www.medscape.com/reviewarticle/445667]
[4]	Drug administration and control au-thority: List of list of drug for district hospital. Addis Ababa; 2002.
[5]	World health organiza-tion: WHO and international network for rational drug use. Switzerland; 1997.
[6]	United Nations population fund: Distribution of world population. New York; 1998.
[7]	Canter for disease control: Global health budget. USA; 2009.
[8]	World health organization. Drug utili-zation in developing countries. Switzerland; 2009.
[9]	Brina T, Ebba HH, Hans VH: prescrip-tion habits of dispensing and non-dispensing doctors in Zimbabwe. Health policy and planning 2002, 17(3):288-295.
[10]	Joshi M, Miralles M: Antimicrobial Resistance Advocacy and Con-tainment in Ethiopia: Report of Initial Activities in February–March 2006. Arlington: Management science for health; 2006: 1-18.
[11]	World health organization: Rational use of drug worldwide. Switzerland; 2001.
[12]	Drug administration and control authority: List of list of drug for Ethiopia. Addis Ababa; 2002.
[13]	Menassie K: Cross-sectional survey of Drug use in Health facilities of Harari Region. MSc thesis. Addis Ababa University, pharmacology department; 2004.
[14]	Ebrahimzadeh MA, Shokrzadeh M, Ramezani A: Utilization Patterns of antibio-tics in different wards of specialized Sari Emam University Hospital in Iran. Pak J Biol Sci, 2008, 15(11): 275-279.
[15]	Desta Z, Abula T, Beyene L, Fantahun M, Yohannis G, Ayalew S: Assess-ment of rational drug use and prescribing in primary health care facilities in North West Ethiopia. East African Medical Journal 1997,74 (12): 758-763.
[16]	Wubante Y: Baseline survey in drug prescribing indicators for outpatients in Jimma University specialized Hospital, South West Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences 2005, 15 (2):147-156.
[17]	World health organ-ization: How to investigate drug use in health facilities: selected drug use indicators. Switzerland; 1993.
[18]	Carbon C, Bax RP: Regulating the use of antibiotics in the community. British Med-ical Journal 1998, 317: 663-666.
[19]	Bremon AR, Ruiz-Tovar M, Gorricho P, Torres PD, Rodri-guez RL: Nonhospital consumption of antibiotics in Spain. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2000, 45: 395-400.
[20]	World health organization: Global strategy for containment of an-timicrobial resistant. Switzerland; 2001.
[21]	Brina T, Ebba HH, Hans VH: prescription habits of dispensing and non-dispensing doctors in Zimbabwe. Health policy and planning 2002, 17(3):288-295.
[22]	Gibbon CJ: South African Medicines Formulary. Sixth edition. Cape Town: South African Medical Association, Health and Medical Publishing Group; 2003:569.
[23]	Keohavog B, Syhakhang S, Nishimura A: Rational use of drugs prescribing and dispensing practices at public health facilities in Lao PDR. Pharmaco epidemiol Drug Saf 2006, 15(5): 344-7.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Girum Sebsibie, Teklemariam Gultie. (2014). Retrospective Assessment of Irrational use of Antibiotics to Children Attending in Mekelle General Hospital. Science Journal of Clinical Medicine, 3(3), 46-51. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20140303.14

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Girum Sebsibie; Teklemariam Gultie. Retrospective Assessment of Irrational use of Antibiotics to Children Attending in Mekelle General Hospital. Sci. J. Clin. Med. 2014, 3(3), 46-51. doi: 10.11648/j.sjcm.20140303.14

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Girum Sebsibie, Teklemariam Gultie. Retrospective Assessment of Irrational use of Antibiotics to Children Attending in Mekelle General Hospital. Sci J Clin Med. 2014;3(3):46-51. doi: 10.11648/j.sjcm.20140303.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.sjcm.20140303.14,
  author = {Girum Sebsibie and Teklemariam Gultie},
  title = {Retrospective Assessment of Irrational use of Antibiotics to Children Attending in Mekelle General Hospital},
  journal = {Science Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {46-51},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjcm.20140303.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20140303.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjcm.20140303.14},
  abstract = {Background: In the last decades, there has been an escalating consumption of antibiotics with the number of antibiotic prescriptions increasing worldwide. Since children are more vulnerable to infectious disease than adults, more antibiotics are prescribed for them. Inappropriate use of antibiotics has resulted in a major increase in the development of multi-drug resistant pathogens with great implication in terms of morbidity, mortality and costs. The objective of this study was to determine the irrational use of antibiotics prescribed for children under the age of 15 years in Mekelle general hospital. Methods: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted. Four hundred three children’s prescriptions and corresponding cards which were recorded by the year 2012 were selected by systematic random sampling proportionally from each month in the year. Results: Of all antibiotic prescriptions reviewed, the numbers of outpatient antibiotic prescriptions were 222 (55.1%) while inpatient prescriptions were 181 (44.9%).The predefined antibiotics indicators like percentage of antibiotics prescribed, frequency of route of administration, antibiotics prescribed from Standard treatment guideline, proportion of antibiotics, cost of antibiotics per antibiotics days, incidence and antibiotics utilization ratio were determined and 141(35.1%) were treated with different antibiotics irrationally. Conclusion: The finding of this study indicated that antibiotics were prescribed irrationally. Prescriptions containing one or more antibiotics constituted 73.68% of all prescriptions and around 5.9% of encounters were treated without any diagnosis. T he study has revealed that third generation cephalosporin (ceftriaxone) has been highly prescribed in the study hospital.},
 year = {2014}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Retrospective Assessment of Irrational use of Antibiotics to Children Attending in Mekelle General Hospital
AU  - Girum Sebsibie
AU  - Teklemariam Gultie
Y1  - 2014/06/20
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20140303.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjcm.20140303.14
T2  - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
JF  - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
JO  - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
SP  - 46
EP  - 51
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2732
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20140303.14
AB  - Background: In the last decades, there has been an escalating consumption of antibiotics with the number of antibiotic prescriptions increasing worldwide. Since children are more vulnerable to infectious disease than adults, more antibiotics are prescribed for them. Inappropriate use of antibiotics has resulted in a major increase in the development of multi-drug resistant pathogens with great implication in terms of morbidity, mortality and costs. The objective of this study was to determine the irrational use of antibiotics prescribed for children under the age of 15 years in Mekelle general hospital. Methods: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted. Four hundred three children’s prescriptions and corresponding cards which were recorded by the year 2012 were selected by systematic random sampling proportionally from each month in the year. Results: Of all antibiotic prescriptions reviewed, the numbers of outpatient antibiotic prescriptions were 222 (55.1%) while inpatient prescriptions were 181 (44.9%).The predefined antibiotics indicators like percentage of antibiotics prescribed, frequency of route of administration, antibiotics prescribed from Standard treatment guideline, proportion of antibiotics, cost of antibiotics per antibiotics days, incidence and antibiotics utilization ratio were determined and 141(35.1%) were treated with different antibiotics irrationally. Conclusion: The finding of this study indicated that antibiotics were prescribed irrationally. Prescriptions containing one or more antibiotics constituted 73.68% of all prescriptions and around 5.9% of encounters were treated without any diagnosis. T he study has revealed that third generation cephalosporin (ceftriaxone) has been highly prescribed in the study hospital.
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Girum Sebsibie

Department of Medicine, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Teklemariam Gultie

College of Medicine and Health Science, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Girum Sebsibie, Teklemariam Gultie. (2014). Retrospective Assessment of Irrational use of Antibiotics to Children Attending in Mekelle General Hospital. Science Journal of Clinical Medicine, 3(3), 46-51. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20140303.14

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Girum Sebsibie; Teklemariam Gultie. Retrospective Assessment of Irrational use of Antibiotics to Children Attending in Mekelle General Hospital. Sci. J. Clin. Med. 2014, 3(3), 46-51. doi: 10.11648/j.sjcm.20140303.14

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Girum Sebsibie, Teklemariam Gultie. Retrospective Assessment of Irrational use of Antibiotics to Children Attending in Mekelle General Hospital. Sci J Clin Med. 2014;3(3):46-51. doi: 10.11648/j.sjcm.20140303.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.sjcm.20140303.14,
  author = {Girum Sebsibie and Teklemariam Gultie},
  title = {Retrospective Assessment of Irrational use of Antibiotics to Children Attending in Mekelle General Hospital},
  journal = {Science Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {46-51},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjcm.20140303.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20140303.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjcm.20140303.14},
  abstract = {Background: In the last decades, there has been an escalating consumption of antibiotics with the number of antibiotic prescriptions increasing worldwide. Since children are more vulnerable to infectious disease than adults, more antibiotics are prescribed for them. Inappropriate use of antibiotics has resulted in a major increase in the development of multi-drug resistant pathogens with great implication in terms of morbidity, mortality and costs. The objective of this study was to determine the irrational use of antibiotics prescribed for children under the age of 15 years in Mekelle general hospital. Methods: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted. Four hundred three children’s prescriptions and corresponding cards which were recorded by the year 2012 were selected by systematic random sampling proportionally from each month in the year. Results: Of all antibiotic prescriptions reviewed, the numbers of outpatient antibiotic prescriptions were 222 (55.1%) while inpatient prescriptions were 181 (44.9%).The predefined antibiotics indicators like percentage of antibiotics prescribed, frequency of route of administration, antibiotics prescribed from Standard treatment guideline, proportion of antibiotics, cost of antibiotics per antibiotics days, incidence and antibiotics utilization ratio were determined and 141(35.1%) were treated with different antibiotics irrationally. Conclusion: The finding of this study indicated that antibiotics were prescribed irrationally. Prescriptions containing one or more antibiotics constituted 73.68% of all prescriptions and around 5.9% of encounters were treated without any diagnosis. T he study has revealed that third generation cephalosporin (ceftriaxone) has been highly prescribed in the study hospital.},
 year = {2014}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Retrospective Assessment of Irrational use of Antibiotics to Children Attending in Mekelle General Hospital
AU  - Girum Sebsibie
AU  - Teklemariam Gultie
Y1  - 2014/06/20
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20140303.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjcm.20140303.14
T2  - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
JF  - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
JO  - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
SP  - 46
EP  - 51
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2732
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20140303.14
AB  - Background: In the last decades, there has been an escalating consumption of antibiotics with the number of antibiotic prescriptions increasing worldwide. Since children are more vulnerable to infectious disease than adults, more antibiotics are prescribed for them. Inappropriate use of antibiotics has resulted in a major increase in the development of multi-drug resistant pathogens with great implication in terms of morbidity, mortality and costs. The objective of this study was to determine the irrational use of antibiotics prescribed for children under the age of 15 years in Mekelle general hospital. Methods: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted. Four hundred three children’s prescriptions and corresponding cards which were recorded by the year 2012 were selected by systematic random sampling proportionally from each month in the year. Results: Of all antibiotic prescriptions reviewed, the numbers of outpatient antibiotic prescriptions were 222 (55.1%) while inpatient prescriptions were 181 (44.9%).The predefined antibiotics indicators like percentage of antibiotics prescribed, frequency of route of administration, antibiotics prescribed from Standard treatment guideline, proportion of antibiotics, cost of antibiotics per antibiotics days, incidence and antibiotics utilization ratio were determined and 141(35.1%) were treated with different antibiotics irrationally. Conclusion: The finding of this study indicated that antibiotics were prescribed irrationally. Prescriptions containing one or more antibiotics constituted 73.68% of all prescriptions and around 5.9% of encounters were treated without any diagnosis. T he study has revealed that third generation cephalosporin (ceftriaxone) has been highly prescribed in the study hospital.
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download